Java规则引擎 Easy Rules
1.? Easy Rules 概述 Easy Rules是一个Java规则引擎,灵感来自一篇名为《Should I use a Rules Engine?》的文章?
Easy Rules它提供Rule抽象以创建具有条件和动作的规则,并提供RuleEngine API,该API通过一组规则运行以评估条件并执行动作。? Easy Rules简单易用,只需两步: 首先,定义规则,方式有很多种 方式一:注解 @Rule(name = "weather rule",description = "if it rains then take an umbrella") public class WeatherRule { @Condition boolean itRains(@Fact("rain") boolean rain) { return rain; } @Action void takeAnUmbrella() { System.out.println("It rains,take an umbrella!"); } } 方式二:链式编程 Rule weatherRule = new RuleBuilder() .name("weather rule") .description("if it rains then take an umbrella") .when(facts -> facts.get("rain").equals(true)) .then(facts -> System.out.println("It rains,1)">)) .build(); 方式三:表达式 Rule weatherRule = MVELRule() .name("weather rule") .when("rain == true") .then("System.out.println("It rains,take an umbrella!");"); 方式四:yml配置文件 例如:weather-rule.yml name: "weather rule" description: "if it rains then take an umbrella" condition: "rain == true" actions: - "System.out.println("It rains,take an umbrella!");" MVELRuleFactory ruleFactory = new MVELRuleFactory( YamlRuleDefinitionReader()); Rule weatherRule = ruleFactory.createRule(new FileReader("weather-rule.yml")); 接下来,应用规则 Test { static main(String[] args) { // define facts Facts facts = Facts(); facts.put("rain",); define rules Rule weatherRule = ... Rules rules = Rules(); rules.register(weatherRule); fire rules on known facts RulesEngine rulesEngine = DefaultRulesEngine(); rulesEngine.fire(rules,facts); } } 入门案例:Hello Easy Rules <dependency> groupId>org.jeasy</artifactId>easy-rules-coreversion>4.0.0> > 通过骨架创建maven项目: mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId=org.jeasy -DarchetypeArtifactId=easy-rules-archetype -DarchetypeVersion=4.0.0 默认给我们生成了一个HelloWorldRule规则,如下: package com.cjs.example.rules; import org.jeasy.rules.annotation.Action; org.jeasy.rules.annotation.Condition; org.jeasy.rules.annotation.Rule; @Rule(name = "Hello World rule",description = "Always say hello world" HelloWorldRule { @Condition when() { return ; } @Action void then() throws Exception { System.out.println("hello world"); } } 2.? 规则定义 2.1.? 定义规则 大多数业务规则可以用以下定义表示:
Easy Rules为每个关键点提供了一个抽象来定义业务规则。 在Easy Rules中,Rule接口代表规则 interface Rule { /** * This method encapsulates the rule's conditions. * @return true if the rule should be applied given the provided facts,false otherwise */ evaluate(Facts facts); * This method encapsulates the rule's actions. * @throws Exception if an error occurs during actions performing void execute(Facts facts) Exception; Getters and setters for rule name,description and priority omitted. } evaluate方法封装了必须计算结果为TRUE才能触发规则的条件。execute方法封装了在满足规则条件时应该执行的动作。条件和操作由Condition和Action接口表示。 定义规则有两种方式:
可以在一个POJO类上添加@Rule注解,例如: @Rule(name = "my rule",description = "my rule description",priority = 1 MyRule { @Condition boolean when(@Fact("fact") fact) { my rule conditions ; } @Action(order = 1) void then(Facts facts) Exception { my actions } @Action(order = 2void finally() my final actions } } @Condition注解指定规则条件 RuleBuilder支持链式风格定义规则,例如: Rule rule = RuleBuilder() .name("myRule") .description("myRuleDescription") .priority(3) .when(condition) .then(action1) .then(action2) .build(); 组合规则 CompositeRule由一组规则组成。这是一个典型地组合设计模式的实现。 组合规则是一个抽象概念,因为可以以不同方式触发组合规则。 Easy Rules自带三种CompositeRule实现:
复合规则可以从基本规则创建并注册为常规规则: Create a composite rule from two primitive rules UnitRuleGroup myUnitRuleGroup = new UnitRuleGroup("myUnitRuleGroup","unit of myRule1 and myRule2"); myUnitRuleGroup.addRule(myRule1); myUnitRuleGroup.addRule(myRule2); Register the composite rule as a regular rule Rules rules = Rules(); rules.register(myUnitRuleGroup); RulesEngine rulesEngine = DefaultRulesEngine(); rulesEngine.fire(rules,someFacts); 每个规则都有优先级。它代表触发注册规则的默认顺序。默认情况下,较低的值表示较高的优先级。可以重写compareTo方法以提供自定义优先级策略。 2.2.? 定义事实 在Easy Rules中,Fact API代表事实 class Fact<T> { private final String name; T value; } 举个栗子: Fact<String> fact = new Fact("foo","bar"); Facts facts = Facts(); facts.add(fact); 或者,也可以用这样简写形式 Facts facts = Facts();
facts.put("foo","bar");
用@Fact注解可以将Facts注入到condition和action方法中 @Rule rain; } @Action takeAnUmbrella(Facts facts) { System.out.println("It rains,1)">); can add/remove/modify facts } } 2.3.? 定义规则引擎 Easy Rules提供两种RulesEngine接口实现:
创建规则引擎: RulesEngine rulesEngine = DefaultRulesEngine(); or RulesEngine rulesEngine = new InferenceRulesEngine(); 然后,注册规则 rulesEngine.fire(rules,facts); 规则引擎有一些可配置的参数,如下图所示: 举个栗子: RulesEngineParameters parameters = RulesEngineParameters() .rulePriorityThreshold(10) .skipOnFirstAppliedRule() .skipOnFirstFailedRule() .skipOnFirstNonTriggeredRule(); RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine(parameters); 2.4. 定义规则监听器 通过实现RuleListener接口 RuleListener { * Triggered before the evaluation of a rule. * * @param rule being evaluated * facts known before evaluating the rule * true if the rule should be evaluated,false otherwise default beforeEvaluate(Rule rule,Facts facts) { ; } * Triggered after the evaluation of a rule. * * rule that has been evaluated * facts known after evaluating the rule * evaluationResult true if the rule evaluated to true,1)">void afterEvaluate(Rule rule,Facts facts,1)"> evaluationResult) { } * Triggered on condition evaluation error due to any runtime exception. * * facts known while evaluating the rule * exception that happened while attempting to evaluate the condition. onEvaluationError(Rule rule,Exception exception) { } * Triggered before the execution of a rule. * * rule the current rule * facts known facts before executing the rule beforeExecute(Rule rule,Facts facts) { } * Triggered after a rule has been executed successfully. * * facts known facts after executing the rule onSuccess(Rule rule,1)"> * Triggered after a rule has failed. * * facts known facts after executing the rule * exception the exception thrown when attempting to execute the rule onFailure(Rule rule,Exception exception) { } } 3.? 示例 project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"modelVersion>com.cjs.example>easy-rules-quickstart>1.0.0-SNAPSHOTpackaging>jardependencies> > >easy-rules-support>easy-rules-mvel>org.slf4j>slf4j-simple>1.7.30project> 4.? 扩展 规则本质上是一个函数,如y=f(x1,x2,..,xn) 规则引擎就是为了解决业务代码和业务规则分离的引擎,是一种嵌入在应用程序中的组件,实现了将业务决策从应用程序代码中分离。 还有一种常见的方式是Java+Groovy来实现,Java内嵌Groovy脚本引擎进行业务规则剥离。 https://github.com/j-easy/easy-rules/wiki ? (编辑:李大同) 【声明】本站内容均来自网络,其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点,不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利,请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |