Hibernate+JDBC实现批量插入、更新及删除的方法详解

发布时间：2020-12-14 21:12:48 所属栏目：Java 来源：网络整理

导读：本篇章节讲解Hibernate JDBC实现批量插入、更新及删除的方法。供大家参考研究具体如下：一、批量插入(两种方式) 1. 通过Hibernate缓存如果这样写代码进行批量插入(初始设想)： package com.anlw.util;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.h

本篇章节讲解Hibernate JDBC实现批量插入、更新及删除的方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

一、批量插入(两种方式)

1. 通过Hibernate缓存

如果这样写代码进行批量插入(初始设想)：

package com.anlw.util;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import com.anlw.entity.Student;
public class SessionUtil {
  Configuration conf = null;
  ServiceRegistry st = null;
  SessionFactory sf = null;
  Session sess = null;
  Transaction tx = null;
  public void HIbernateTest() {
    conf = new Configuration().configure();
    st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
    sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st);
    try {
      sess = sf.openSession();
      tx = sess.beginTransaction();
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        Student s = new Student();
        s.setAge(i + 1);
        s.setName("test");
        sess.save(s);
      }
      tx.commit();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      if (tx != null) {
        tx.rollback();
      }
    } finally {
      sess.close();
      sf.close();
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest();
  }
}

如果数据量太大，会有可能出现内存溢出的异常；

小知识：

(1).Hibernate一级缓存，对其容量没有限制，强制使用，由于所有的对象都被保存到这个缓存中，内存总会达到一定数目时出现内存溢出的情况；
(2).Hibernate二级缓存可以进行大小配置；

要解决内存溢出的问题，就应该定时的将Sessiion缓存中的数据刷到数据库，正确的批量插入方式：

(1).设置批量尺寸(博主至今还没有明白下面这个属性和flush()方法的区别)

<property name="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">2</property>

配置这个参数的原因就是尽量少读数据库，该参数值越大，读数据库的次数越少，速度越快；上面这个配置，是Hibernate是等到程序积累了100个sql之后在批量提交；

(2).关闭二级缓存(这个博主也不是很明白)

<property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">false</property>

除了Session级别的一级缓存，Hibernate还有一个SessionFactory级别的二级缓存，如果启用了二级缓存，从机制上来说，Hibernate为了维护二级缓存，在批量插入时，hibernate会将对象纳入二级缓存，性能上就会有很大损失，也可能引发异常，因此最好关闭SessionFactory级别的二级缓存；

(3).在一二设置完成的基础上，清空Session级别的一级缓存；

package com.anlw.util;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import com.anlw.entity.Student;
public class SessionUtil {
  Configuration conf = null;
  ServiceRegistry st = null;
  SessionFactory sf = null;
  Session sess = null;
  Transaction tx = null;
  public void HIbernateTest() {
    conf = new Configuration().configure();
    st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
    sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st);
    try {
      sess = sf.openSession();
      tx = sess.beginTransaction();
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        Student s = new Student();
        s.setAge(i + 1);
        s.setName("test");
        sess.save(s);
        if(i%100 == 0){       //以每100个数据作为一个处理单元
          sess.flush();      //保持与数据库数据的同步
          sess.clear();      //清楚Session级别的一级缓存的全部数据，及时释放占用的内存
        }
      }
      tx.commit();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      if (tx != null) {
        tx.rollback();
      }
    } finally {
      sess.close();
      sf.close();
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest();
  }
}

2. 绕过Hibernate，直接调用JDBC API

package com.anlw.util;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
public class SessionUtil {
  Configuration conf = null;
  ServiceRegistry st = null;
  SessionFactory sf = null;
  Session sess = null;
  Transaction tx = null;
  public void HIbernateTest() {
    conf = new Configuration().configure();
    st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
    sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st);
    try {
      sess = sf.openSession();
      tx = sess.beginTransaction();
      //执行Work对象指定的操作，即调用Work对象的execute()方法
      //Session会把当前使用的数据库连接传给execute()方法
      sess.doWork(new Work() {
        @Override
        public void execute(Connection arg0) throws SQLException {//需要注意的是，不需要调用close()方法关闭这个连接
          //通过JDBC API执行用于批量插入的sql语句
          String sql = "insert into student(name,age) values(?,?)";
          PreparedStatement ps = arg0.prepareStatement(sql);
          for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            ps.setString(1,"kobe");
            ps.setInt(2,12);
            ps.addBatch();
          }
          ps.executeBatch();
        }
      });
      tx.commit();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      if (tx != null) {
        tx.rollback();
      }
    } finally {
      sess.close();
      sf.close();
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest();
  }
}

注意：通过JDBC API中的PreparedStatement接口来执行sql语句，sql语句涉及到的数据不会被加载到Session的缓存中，因此不会占用内存空间，因此直接调用JDBC API批量化插入的效率要高于Hibernate缓存的批量插入；

更新&&删除

语法格式：（HQL）

update | delete from? <ClassName> [where where_conditions]

1>在from子句中，from关键字是可选的，即完全可以不写from关键字
2>在from子句中，只能有一个类名，可以在该类名后指定别名
3>不能在批量HQL语句中使用连接，显示或者隐式的都不行，但可以在where子句中使用子查询
4>整个where子句是可选的，where子句的语法sql语句中where子句的语法完全相同
5>Query.executeUpdate()方法返回一个整型值，该值是受此操作影响的记录数量，由于hibernate的底层操作实际上是由JDBC完成的，因此，如果有批量update或delete操作被转换成多条update或delete语句，(关联或者继承映射)，该方法只能返回最后一条sql语句影响的记录行数，不是所有的记录行数，需要注意；

二、批量更新(两种方式)

1. 使用Hibernate直接进行批量更新

(1)方式1：(Hibernate的HQL直接支持update/delete的批量更新语法)

package com.anlw.util;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
public class SessionUtil {
  Configuration conf = null;
  ServiceRegistry st = null;
  SessionFactory sf = null;
  Session sess = null;
  Transaction tx = null;
  public void HIbernateTest() {
    conf = new Configuration().configure();
    st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
    sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st);
    try {
      sess = sf.openSession();
      tx = sess.beginTransaction();
      //在HQL查询中使用update进行批量更新，下面的的语句是HQL语句，不是sql语句
      Query query = sess.createQuery("update Student set name = 'www'");
      query.executeUpdate();
      tx.commit();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      if (tx != null) {
        tx.rollback();
      }
    } finally {
      sess.close();
      sf.close();
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest();
  }
}

(2)方式2：(强烈不推荐)

package com.anlw.util;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import org.hibernate.CacheMode;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.ScrollMode;
import org.hibernate.ScrollableResults;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import com.anlw.entity.Student;
public class SessionUtil {
  Configuration conf = null;
  ServiceRegistry st = null;
  SessionFactory sf = null;
  Session sess = null;
  Transaction tx = null;
  public void HIbernateTest() {
    conf = new Configuration().configure();
    st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
    sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st);
    try {
      sess = sf.openSession();
      tx = sess.beginTransaction();
      //查询表中的所有数据
      ScrollableResults student = sess.createQuery("from Student")
          .setCacheMode(CacheMode.IGNORE)
          .scroll(ScrollMode.FORWARD_ONLY);
      int count = 0;
      while(student.next()){
        Student s = (Student)student.get(0);
        s.setName("haha");
        if(++count%3 == 0){
          sess.flush();
          sess.clear();
        }
      }
      tx.commit();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      if (tx != null) {
        tx.rollback();
      }
    } finally {
      sess.close();
      sf.close();
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest();
  }
}

通过这种方式，虽然可以执行批量更新，但效果非常不好，执行效率不高，需要先执行数据查询，然后再执行数据更新，而且这种更新将是逐行更新，即每更新一行记录，都要执行一条update语句，性能非常低；

2. 绕过Hibernate，调用JDBC API

(1)方式1：

package com.anlw.util;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
public class SessionUtil {
  Configuration conf = null;
  ServiceRegistry st = null;
  SessionFactory sf = null;
  Session sess = null;
  Transaction tx = null;
  public void HIbernateTest() {
    conf = new Configuration().configure();
    st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
    sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st);
    try {
      sess = sf.openSession();
      tx = sess.beginTransaction();
      //执行Work对象指定的操作，即调用Work对象的execute()方法
      //Session会把当前使用的数据库连接传给execute()方法
      sess.doWork(new Work() {
        @Override
        public void execute(Connection arg0) throws SQLException {//需要注意的是，不需要调用close()方法关闭这个连接
          String sql = "update student set name = 'oracle'";
          //创建一个Satement对象
          Statement st = arg0.createStatement();
          //调用JDBC的update进行批量更新
          st.executeUpdate(sql);
        }
      });
      tx.commit();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      if (tx != null) {
        tx.rollback();
      }
    } finally {
      sess.close();
      sf.close();
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest();
  }
}

(2)方式2：

package com.anlw.util;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
public class SessionUtil {
  Configuration conf = null;
  ServiceRegistry st = null;
  SessionFactory sf = null;
  Session sess = null;
  Transaction tx = null;
  public void HIbernateTest() {
    conf = new Configuration().configure();
    st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
    sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st);
    try {
      sess = sf.openSession();
      tx = sess.beginTransaction();
      //执行Work对象指定的操作，即调用Work对象的execute()方法
      //Session会把当前使用的数据库连接传给execute()方法
      sess.doWork(new Work() {
        @Override
        public void execute(Connection arg0) throws SQLException {//需要注意的是，不需要调用close()方法关闭这个连接
          String sql = "update student set name = ? where name=?";
          PreparedStatement ps = arg0.prepareStatement(sql);
          for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            ps.setString(1,"tom");
            ps.setString(2,"oracle");
            ps.addBatch();
          }
          ps.executeBatch();
        }
      });
      tx.commit();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      if (tx != null) {
        tx.rollback();
      }
    } finally {
      sess.close();
      sf.close();
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest();
  }
}

三、批量删除(两种方式)

1. 使用Hibernate直接进行批量删除

(1)方式1：(Hibernate的HQL直接支持update/delete的批量更新语法)

package com.anlw.util;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
public class SessionUtil {
  Configuration conf = null;
  ServiceRegistry st = null;
  SessionFactory sf = null;
  Session sess = null;
  Transaction tx = null;
  public void HIbernateTest() {
    conf = new Configuration().configure();
    st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
    sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st);
    try {
      sess = sf.openSession();
      tx = sess.beginTransaction();
      //在HQL查询中使用delete进行批量删除，下面的的语句是HQL语句，不是sql
      Query query = sess.createQuery("delete Student");//也可以是delete from，from关键字是可选的，可以不要，加条件的时候可以指定类的别名
      query.executeUpdate();
      tx.commit();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      if (tx != null) {
        tx.rollback();
      }
    } finally {
      sess.close();
      sf.close();
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest();
  }
}

(2)方式2：(强烈不推荐)

package com.anlw.util;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import org.hibernate.CacheMode;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.ScrollMode;
import org.hibernate.ScrollableResults;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import com.anlw.entity.Student;
public class SessionUtil {
  Configuration conf = null;
  ServiceRegistry st = null;
  SessionFactory sf = null;
  Session sess = null;
  Transaction tx = null;
  public void HIbernateTest() {
    conf = new Configuration().configure();
    st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
    sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st);
    try {
      sess = sf.openSession();
      tx = sess.beginTransaction();
      //查询表中的所有数据
      ScrollableResults student = sess.createQuery("from Student")
          .setCacheMode(CacheMode.IGNORE)
          .scroll(ScrollMode.FORWARD_ONLY);
      int count = 0;
      while(student.next()){
        Student s = (Student)student.get(0);
        sess.delete(s);
      }
      tx.commit();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      if (tx != null) {
        tx.rollback();
      }
    } finally {
      sess.close();
      sf.close();
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest();
  }
}

通过这种方式，虽然可以执行批量删除，但效果非常不好，执行效率不高，需要先执行数据查询，然后再执行数据删除，而且这种删除将是逐行删除，即每删除一行记录，都要执行一条delete语句，性能非常低；

2. 绕过Hibernate，调用JDBC API

(1)方式1：

package com.anlw.util;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import com.anlw.entity.Student;
public class SessionUtil {
  Configuration conf = null;
  ServiceRegistry st = null;
  SessionFactory sf = null;
  Session sess = null;
  Transaction tx = null;
  public void HIbernateTest() {
    conf = new Configuration().configure();
    st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
    sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st);
    try {
      sess = sf.openSession();
      tx = sess.beginTransaction();
      sess.doWork(new Work() {
        @Override
        public void execute(Connection arg0) throws SQLException {
          String sql = "delete from student where age > 5"; //mysql中删除语句不能省略from
          Statement st = arg0.createStatement();
          st.executeUpdate(sql);
        }
      });
      tx.commit();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      if (tx != null) {
        tx.rollback();
      }
    } finally {
      sess.close();
      sf.close();
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest();
  }
}

2)方式2：

package com.anlw.util;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import com.anlw.entity.Student;
public class SessionUtil {
  Configuration conf = null;
  ServiceRegistry st = null;
  SessionFactory sf = null;
  Session sess = null;
  Transaction tx = null;
  public void HIbernateTest() {
    conf = new Configuration().configure();
    st = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(conf.getProperties()).build();
    sf = conf.buildSessionFactory(st);
    try {
      sess = sf.openSession();
      tx = sess.beginTransaction();
      sess.doWork(new Work() {
        @Override
        public void execute(Connection arg0) throws SQLException {
          String sql = "delete from student where age = ?"; //mysql中删除语句不能省略from
          PreparedStatement ps = arg0.prepareStatement(sql);
          for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            if(i%2 == 0){
              ps.setInt(1,i);
              ps.addBatch();
            }
            ps.executeBatch();
          }
        }
      });
      tx.commit();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      if (tx != null) {
        tx.rollback();
      }
    } finally {
      sess.close();
      sf.close();
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new SessionUtil().HIbernateTest();
  }
}

希望本文所述对大家基于Hibernate的java程序设计有所帮助。

（编辑：李大同）

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