使用split进行分割时遇到特殊字符的问题

发布时间：2020-12-14 06:20:29 所属栏目：Java 来源：网络整理

使用split分割时：

String[] a="aa|bb|cc".split("|"output：
[a,a,|,b,|,c,c]

先看一下split的用法：

Splits this string around matches of the given regular expression.

This method works as if by invoking the two-argument split method with the given expression and a limit argument of zero. Trailing empty strings are therefore not included in the resulting array.

The string "boo:and:foo",for example,yields the following results with these expressions:

Regex Result
: { "boo","and","foo" }}
o { "b","",":and:f" }}

Parameters:
regex the delimiting regular expression
Returns:
the array of strings computed by splitting this string around matches of the given regular expression
Throws:
PatternSyntaxException - if the regular expression's syntax is invalid
Since:
1.4
See Also:
java.util.regex.Pattern
@spec
JSR-51

可以看到split中参数是一个正则表达式，正则表达式中有一些特殊字符需要注意，它们有自己的用法：

http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/manual/Regular_expressions_1__Special_characters.html

the backslash escape character.
The backslash gives special meaning to the character following it. For example,the combination "n" stands for the newline,one of the control characters. The combination "w" stands for a "word" character,one of the convenience escape sequences while "1" is one of the substitution special characters.
Example: The regex "aan" tries to match two consecutive "a"s at the end of a line,inclusive the newline character itself.
Example: "a+" matches "a+" and not a series of one or "a"s.
^ the caret is the start of line anchor or the negate symbol.
Example: "^a" matches "a" at the start of a line.
Example: "[^0-9]" matches any non digit.
$ the dollar is the end of line anchor.
Example: "b$" matches a "b" at the end of a line.
Example: "^b$" matches the empty line.
{ } the open and close curly bracket are used as range quantifiers.
Example: "a{2,3}" matches "aa" or "aaa".
[ ] the open and close square bracket define a character class to match a single character.
The "^" as the first character following the "[" negates and the match is for the characters not listed. The "-" denotes a range of characters. Inside a "[ ]" character class construction most special characters are interpreted as ordinary characters.
Example: "[d-f]" is the same as "[def]" and matches "d","e" or "f".
Example: "[a-z]" matches any lowercase characters in the alfabet.
Example: "[^0-9]" matches any character that is not a digit.
Example: A search for "[][()?<>.?]" in the string "[]()?<>.?" followed by a replace string "r" has the result "rrrrrrrrrrrrr". Here the search string is one character class and all the meta characters are interpreted as ordinary characters without the need to escape them.
( ) the open and close parenthesis are used for grouping characters (or other regex).
The groups can be referenced in both the search and the substitution phase. There also exist some special constructs with parenthesis.
Example: "(ab)1" matches "abab".
. the dot matches any character except the newline.
Example: ".a" matches two consecutive characters where the last one is "a".
Example: "..txt$" matches all strings that end in ".txt".
 the star is the match-zero-or-more quantifier.
Example: "^.*$" matches an entire line.
+ the plus is the match-one-or-more quantifier.
? the question mark is the match-zero-or-one quantifier. The question mark is also used in special constructs with parenthesis and in changing match behaviour.
| the vertical pipe separates a series of alternatives.
Example: "(a|b|c)a" matches "aa" or "ba" or "ca".
< > the smaller and greater signs are anchors that specify a left or right word boundary.
- the minus indicates a range in a character class (when it is not at the first position after the "[" opening bracket or the last position before the "]" closing bracket.
Example: "[A-Z]" matches any uppercase character.
Example: "[A-Z-]" or "[-A-Z]" match any uppercase character or "-".
& the and is the "substitute complete match" symbol.

那么上述方法的解决方法是使用转义来分割：

String[] a="aa|bb|cc".split("|");

小结：

对字符串的正则操作时要注意特殊字符的转义。

（编辑：李大同）

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