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使Web系统的开发与维护更加方便，从而有效的节省人力物力，受到了越来越多企业的青眯。 模板引擎是MVC模式建立过程的重要方法，开发者可以设计一套赋予含义的标签，通过技术解析处理有效的把数据逻辑处理从界面模板中提取出来，通过解读标签的含义把控制权提交给相应业务逻辑处理程序，从而获取到需要的数据，以模板设计的形式展现出来，使设计人员能把精力更多放在表现形式上。下面是我对模板引擎的认识与设计方法： 说的好听些叫模板引擎，实际就是解读模板数据的过程（个人观点^^）。通过我对建站方面的思考认识，网站在展现形式上无非归纳为单条和多条两种形式，那么我们可以设定两种对应标签（如data、list）来处理这两种情况，关键点在于解决两种标签的多层相互嵌套问题，基本适合实现80%界面形式。 解读模板的方法有多种，常用的包括字符串处理（解决嵌套稍麻烦）、正则表达式。在这里我选用的正则表达式，下面是我的处理方法（本文仅提供思路和参考代码，可能不能直接使用）。 模板文件解析类：
<div class="codetitle"><a style="CURSOR: pointer" data="79154" class="copybut" id="copybut79154" onclick="doCopy('code79154')"> 代码如下:<div class="codebody" id="code79154">
<?php
/
class: 模板解析类
author: 51JS.COM-ZMM
date: 2011.3.1
email: 304924248@qq.com
blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/cnzmm/
/
class Template {
public $html,$vars,$bTag,$eTag;
public $bFlag='{',$eFlag='}',$pfix='zmm:';
private $folder,$file;
function __construct($vars=array()) {
!empty($vars) && $this->vars = $vars;
!empty($GLOBALS['cfg_tag_prefix']) &&
$this->pfix = $GLOBALS['cfg_tag_prefix'].':';
$this->bTag = $this->bFlag.$this->pfix;
$this->eTag = $this->bFlag.'/'.$this->pfix;
empty(Tags::$vars) && Tags::$vars = &$this->vars;
}
public function LoadTpl($tpl) {
$this->file = $this->GetTplPath($tpl);
Tags::$file = &$this->file;
if (is_file($this->file)) {
if ($this->GetTplHtml()) {
$this->SetTplTags();
} else {
exit('模板文件加载失败！');
}
} else {
exit('模板文件['.$this->file.']不存在！');
}
}
private function GetTplPath($tpl) {
$this->folder = WEBSITE_DIRROOT.
$GLOBALS['cfg_tpl_root'];
return $this->folder.'/'.$tpl;
}
private function GetTplHtml() {
$html = self::FmtTplHtml(file_get_contents($this->file));
if (!empty($html)) {
$callFunc = Tags::$prefix.'Syntax';
$this->html = Tags::$callFunc($html,new Template());
} else {
exit('模板文件内容为空！');
} return true;
}
static public function FmtTplHtml($html) {
return preg_replace('/(r)|(n)|(t)|(s{2,})/is','',$html);
}
public function Register($vars=array()) {
if (is_array($vars)) {
$this->vars = $vars;
Tags::$vars = &$this->vars;
}
}
public function Display($bool=false,$name="",$time=0) {
if (!empty($this->html)) {
if ($bool && !empty($name)) {
if (!is_int($time)) $time = 600;
$cache = new Cache($time);
$cache->Set($name,$this->html);
}
echo $this->html; flush();
} else {
exit('模板文件内容为空！');
}
}
public function SetAssign($souc,$info) {
if (!empty($this->html)) {
$this->html = str_ireplace($souc,self::FmtTplHtml($info),$this->html);
} else {
exit('模板文件内容为空！');
}
}
private function SetTplTags() {
$this->SetPanelTags(); $this->SetTrunkTags(); $this->RegHatchVars();
}
private function SetPanelTags() {
$rule = $this->bTag.'([^'.$this->eFlag.']+)/'.$this->eFlag;
preg_match_all('/'.$rule.'/ism',$this->html,$out_matches);
$this->TransTag($out_matches,'panel'); unset($out_matches);
}
private function SetTrunkTags() {
$rule = $this->bTag.'(w+)s([^'.$this->eFlag.']?)'.$this->eFlag.
'((?:(?!'.$this->bTag.')[Ss]?|(?R)))'.$this->eTag.'1s'.$this->eFlag;
preg_match_all('/'.$rule.'/ism','trunk'); unset($out_matches);
}
private function TransTag($result,$type) {
if (!empty($result[0])) {
switch ($type) {
case 'panel' : {
for ($i = 0; $i < count($result[0]); $i ++) {
$strTag = explode(' ',$result[1][$i],2);
if (strpos($strTag[0],'.')) {
$itemArg = explode('.',2);
$callFunc = Tags::$prefix.ucfirst($itemArg[0]);
if (method_exists('Tags',$callFunc)) {
$html = Tags::$callFunc(chop($itemArg[1]));
if ($html !== false) {
$this->html = str_ireplace($result[0][$i],$html,$this->html);
}
}
} else {
$rule = '^([^s]+)s([Ss]+)$';
preg_match_all('/'.$rule.'/is',trim($result[1][$i]),$tmp_matches);
$callFunc = Tags::$prefix.ucfirst($tmp_matches[1][0]);
if (method_exists('Tags',$callFunc)) {
$html = Tags::$callFunc($tmp_matches[2][0]);
if ($html !== false) {
$this->html = str_ireplace($result[0][$i],$this->html);
}
} unset($tmp_matches);
}
} break;
}
case 'trunk' : {
for ($i = 0; $i < count($result[0]); $i ++) {
$callFunc = Tags::$prefix.ucfirst($result[1][$i]);
if (method_exists('Tags',$callFunc)) {
$html = Tags::$callFunc($result[2][$i],$result[3][$i]);
$this->html = str_ireplace($result[0][$i],$this->html);
}
} break;
}
default: break;
}
} else {
return false;
}
}
private function RegHatchVars() {
$this->SetPanelTags();
}
function __destruct() {}
}
?>
标签解析类：（目前暂时提供data、list两种标签的解析，说明思路）
<div class="codetitle"><a style="CURSOR: pointer" data="70868" class="copybut" id="copybut70868" onclick="doCopy('code70868')"> 代码如下:<div class="codebody" id="code70868">
<?php
/
class: 标签解析类
author: 51JS.COM-ZMM
date: 2011.3.2
email: 304924248@qq.com
blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/cnzmm/
/
class Tags {
static private $attrs=null;
static public $file,$rule,$prefix='TAG_';
static public function TAG_Syntax($html,$that) {
$rule = $that->bTag.'ifs+([^'.$that->eFlag.']+)s'.$that->eFlag;
$html = preg_replace('/'.$rule.'/ism','<?php if (1) { ?>',$html);
$rule = $that->bTag.'elseifs+([^'.$that->eFlag.']+)s'.$that->eFlag;
$html = preg_replace('/'.$rule.'/ism','<?php } elseif (1) { ?>',$html);
$rule = $that->bTag.'elses'.$that->eFlag;
$html = preg_replace('/'.$rule.'/ism','<?php } else { ?>',$html);
$rule = $that->bTag.'loops+(S+)s+(S+)s'.$that->eFlag;
$html = preg_replace('/'.$rule.'/ism','<?php foreach (1 as 2) { ?>',$html);
$rule = $that->bTag.'loops+(S+)s+(S+)s+(S+)s'.$that->eFlag;
$html = preg_replace('/'.$rule.'/ism','<?php foreach (1 as 2 => 3) { ?>',$html);
$rule = $that->eTag.'(if|loop)s'.$that->eFlag;
$html = preg_replace('/'.$rule.'/ism','<?php } ?>',$html);
$rule = $that->bTag.'phps'.$that->eFlag.'((?:(?!'.
$that->bTag.')[Ss]?|(?R)))'.$that->eTag.'phps'.$that->eFlag;
$html = preg_replace('/'.$rule.'/ism','<?php 1 ?>',$html);
return self::TAG_Execute($html);
}
static public function TAG_List($attr,$html) {
if (!empty($html)) {
if (self::TAG_HaveTag($html)) {
return self::TAG_DealTag($attr,true);
} else {
return self::TAG_GetData($attr,true);
}
} else {
exit('标签{list}的内容为空！');
}
}
static public function TAG_Data($attr,false);
} else {
return self::TAG_GetData($attr,false);
}
} else {
exit('标签{data}的内容为空！');
}
}
static public function TAG_Execute($html) {
ob_clean(); ob_start();
if (!empty(self::$vars)) {
is_array(self::$vars) &&
extract(self::$vars,EXTR_OVERWRITE);
}
$file_inc = WEBSITE_DIRINC.'/buffer/'.
md5(uniqid(rand(),true)).'.php';
if ($fp = fopen($file_inc,'xb')) {
fwrite($fp,$html);
if (fclose($fp)) {
include($file_inc);
$html = ob_get_contents();
} unset($fp);
} else {
exit('模板解析文件生成失败！');
} ob_end_clean(); @unlink($file_inc);
return $html;
}
static private function TAG_HaveTag($html) {
$bool_has = false;
$tpl_ins = new Template();
self::$rule = $tpl_ins->bTag.'([^'.$tpl_ins->eFlag.']+)/'.$tpl_ins->eFlag;
$bool_has = $bool_has || preg_match('/'.self::$rule.'/ism',$html);
self::$rule = $tpl_ins->bTag.'(w+)s([^'.$tpl_ins->eFlag.']?)'.$tpl_ins->eFlag.
'((?:(?!'.$tpl_ins->bTag.')[Ss]?|(?R)))'.$tpl_ins->eTag.'1s'.$tpl_ins->eFlag;
$bool_has = $bool_has || preg_match('/'.self::$rule.'/ism',$html);
unset($tpl_ins);
return $bool_has;
}
static private function TAG_DealTag($attr,$list) {
preg_match_all('/'.self::$rule.'/ism',$out_matches);
if (!empty($out_matches[0])) {
$child_node = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < count($out_matches[0]); $i ++) {
$child_node[] = $out_matches[3][$i];
$html = str_ireplace($out_matches[3][$i],'{-->>childnode'.$i.'<<--}',$html);
}
$html = self::TAG_GetData($attr,$list);
for ($i = 0; $i < count($out_matches[0]); $i ++) {
$html = str_ireplace('{-->>childnode'.$i.'<<--}',$child_node[$i],$html);
}
preg_match_all('/'.self::$rule.'/ism',$tmp_matches);
if (!empty($tmp_matches[0])) {
for ($i = 0; $i < count($tmp_matches[0]); $i ++) {
$callFunc = self::$prefix.ucfirst($tmp_matches[1][$i]);
if (method_exists('Tags',$callFunc)) {
$temp = self::$callFunc($tmp_matches[2][$i],$tmp_matches[3][$i]);
$html = str_ireplace($tmp_matches[0][$i],$temp,$html);
}
}
}
unset($tmp_matches);
}
unset($out_matches); return $html;
}
static private function TAG_GetData($attr,$list=false) {
if (!empty($attr)) {
$attr_ins = new Attbt($attr);
$attr_arr = $attr_ins->attrs;
if (is_array($attr_arr)) {
extract($attr_arr,EXTR_OVERWRITE);
$source = table_name($source,$column);
$rule = '[field:s(w+)s([^]]?)s/?]';
preg_match_all('/'.$rule.'/is',$out_matches);
$data_str = '';
$data_ins = new DataSql();
$attr_where = $attr_order = '';
if (!empty($where)) {
$where = str_replace(',',' and ',$where);
$attr_where = ' where '. $where;
}
if (!empty($order)) {
$attr_order = ' order by '.$order;
} else {
$fed_name = '';
$fed_ins = $data_ins->GetFedNeedle($source);
$fed_cnt = $data_ins->GetFedCount($fed_ins);
for ($i = 0; $i < $fed_cnt; $i ++) {
$fed_flag = $data_ins->GetFedFlag($fed_ins,$i);
if (preg_match('/auto_increment/ism',$fed_flag)) {
$fed_name = $data_ins->GetFedName($fed_ins,$i);
break;
}
}
if (!empty($fed_name))
$attr_order = ' order by '.$fed_name.' desc';
}
if ($list == true) {
if (empty($source) && empty($sql)) {
exit('标签{list}必须指定source属性！');
}
$attr_rows = $attr_page = '';
if ($rows > 0) {
$attr_rows = ' limit 0,'.$rows;
}
if (!empty($sql)) {
$data_sql = $sql;
} else {
$data_sql = 'select from '.$source.''.
$attr_where.$attr_order.$attr_rows;
}
if ($pages=='true' && !empty($size)) {
$data_num = $data_ins->GetRecNum($data_sql);
$page_cnt = ceil($data_num / $size);
global $page;
if (!isset($page) || $page < 1) $page = 1;
if ($page > $page_cnt) $page = $page_cnt;
$data_sql = 'select from '.$source.''.$attr_where.
$attr_order.' limit '.($page-1) $size.','.$size;
$GLOBALS['cfg_page_curr'] = $page;
$GLOBALS['cfg_page_prev'] = $page - 1;
$GLOBALS['cfg_page_next'] = $page + 1;
$GLOBALS['cfg_page_nums'] = $page_cnt;
if (function_exists('list_pagelink')) {
$GLOBALS['cfg_page_list'] = list_pagelink($page,$page_cnt,2);
}
}
$data_idx = 0;
$data_ret = $data_ins->SqlCmdExec($data_sql);
while ($row = $data_ins->GetRecArr($data_ret)) {
if ($skip > 0 && !empty($flag)) {
$data_idx != 0 &&
$data_idx % $skip == 0 &&
$data_str .= $flag;
}
$data_tmp = $html;
$data_tmp = str_ireplace('@idx',$data_idx,$data_tmp);
for ($i = 0; $i < count($out_matches[0]); $i ++) {
$data_tmp = str_ireplace($out_matches[0][$i],
$row[$out_matches[1][$i]],$data_tmp);
}
$data_str .= $data_tmp; $data_idx ++;
}
} else {
if (empty($source)) {
exit('标签{data}必须指定source属性！');
}
$data_sql = 'select * from '.$source. <BR>''.$attr_where.$attr_order;
$row = $data_ins->GetOneRec($data_sql);
if (is_array($row)) {
$data_tmp = $html;
for ($i = 0; $i < count($out_matches[0]); $i ++) {
$data_val = $row[$out_matches[1][$i]];
if (empty($out_matches[2][$i])) {
$data_tmp = str_ireplace($out_matches[0][$i],$data_val,$data_tmp);
} else {
$attr_str = $out_matches[2][$i];
$attr_ins = new Attbt($attr_str);
$func_txt = $attr_ins->attrs['function'];
if (!empty($func_txt)) {
$func_tmp = explode('(',$func_txt);
if (function_exists($func_tmp[0])) {
eval('$func_ret ='.str_ireplace('@me',
'''.$data_val.''',$func_txt));
$data_tmp = str_ireplace($out_matches[0][$i],$func_ret,$data_tmp);
} else {
exit('调用了不存在的函数！');
}
} else {
exit('标签设置属性无效！');
}
}
}
$data_str .= $data_tmp;
}
}
unset($data_ins);
return $data_str;
} else {
exit('标签设置属性无效！');
}
} else {
exit('没有设置标签属性！');
}
}
static public function __callStatic($name,$args) {
exit('标签{'.$name.'}不存在！');
}
}
?>
（编辑：李大同）
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