Mysql应用mysql学习笔记之表的基本操作

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本文介绍了Mysql应用mysql学习笔记之表的基本操作，希望对您有用。如果有疑问，可以联系我们。

创建表
MYSQL教程

create table 表名MYSQL教程

create table if not exists 表名MYSQL教程

mysql> create database company;
Query OK,1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use company;
Database changed
mysql> create table if not exists t_dept(
  -> deptno int,-> dname varchar(20),-> loc varchar(40));
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.20 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_company |
+-------------------+
| t_dept      |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

显示当前库下的所有表
MYSQL教程

show tables;MYSQL教程

mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_company |
+-------------------+
| t_dept      |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看表的结构
MYSQL教程

describe 表名
MYSQL教程

简写
MYSQL教程

desc 表名MYSQL教程

mysql> describe t_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc t_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看表的详细
MYSQL教程

show create table 表名MYSQL教程

mysql> show create table t_dept;
+--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                            |
+--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| t_dept | CREATE TABLE `t_dept` (
 `deptno` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,`dname` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,`loc` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+--------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
show create table t_dept G
mysql> show create table t_dept G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
    Table: t_dept
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t_dept` (
 `deptno` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,`loc` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

删除表
MYSQL教程

drop table 表名
drop table if exists 表名MYSQL教程

mysql> drop table if exists t_dept;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

修改表名
MYSQL教程

ALTER TABLE old_table_name RENAME [TO] new_table_name
old_table_name 原表名
new_table_name 新表名
将t_dept修改为tab_deptMYSQL教程

mysql> alter table t_dept rename tab_dept;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_company |
+-------------------+
| tab_dept     |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

为表增加一个字段默认在最后
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD 属性名 属性类型
MYSQL教程

为tab_dept增加一个字段descri varchar(20)MYSQL教程

mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter table tab_dept add descri varchar(20);
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.33 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在表的第一个位置增加一个字段
MYSQL教程

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD 属性名 属性类型 firstMYSQL教程

mysql> alter table tab_dept add id int first;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.38 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id   | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在表的指定字段之后增加字段
MYSQL教程

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD 属性名 属性类型 AFTER 属性名MYSQL教程

mysql> alter table tab_dept add comm varchar(20) after dname;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.31 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id   | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| comm  | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除字段
MYSQL教程

ALTER TABLE table_name DROP 属性名MYSQL教程

mysql> alter table tab_dept drop comm;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.32 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id   | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

字段修改-修改字段数据类型
ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY 属性名 数据类型MYSQL教程

mysql> alter table tab_dept modify descri int;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.45 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id   | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

字段修改-修改字段名称
MYSQL教程

ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE 旧属性名 新属性名 旧数据类型MYSQL教程

mysql> alter table tab_dept change id deptid int;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptid | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

字段修改-同时修改字段名称与数据类型
MYSQL教程

ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE 旧属性名 新属性名 新数据类型MYSQL教程

mysql> alter table tab_dept change deptid id varchar(32);
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.49 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id   | varchar(32) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改顺序
MYSQL教程

ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY 属性名1 数据类型 FIRST|AFTER 属性名2
MYSQL教程

2个属性必须存在
将deptno调到第一个位置MYSQL教程

mysql> alter table tab_dept modify deptno int first;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.33 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| id   | varchar(32) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

将ID放在最后MYSQL教程

mysql> alter table tab_dept modify deptno int after descri;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.29 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id   | varchar(32) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter table tab_dept modify deptno int first;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.34 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> alter table tab_dept modify id int after descri;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.47 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc tab_dept;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| deptno | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| dname | varchar(20) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| loc  | varchar(40) | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| descri | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
| id   | int(11)   | YES |   | NULL  |    |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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