Linux centOS/ubuntu 安装mysql详细教程

采用二进制包安装mysql

二进制软件包名称

mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x8.6_64.tar.gz

添加用户和组(?添加用户，但这个用户不能登陆)

groupadd?mysql
useradd?-s?/sbin/nologin?-g?mysql?-M?mysql
tail?-1?/etc/passwd
id?mysql

开始安装MySQL

root@ubuntu:/usr/local#?cd?/usr/local????#?切换到要安装的目录
root@ubuntu:/usr/local#?wget?http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
root@ubuntu:/usr/local#?mkdir?-p?/application/
root@ubuntu:/usr/local#?mv?mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64?/application/mysql-5.5.49
root@ubuntu:/usr/local#?ln?-s?/application/mysql-5.5.49/?/application/mysql
root@ubuntu:/usr/local#?ls?-l?/application/mysql

lrwxrwxrwx?1?root?root?26?Oct?15?19:47?/application/mysql?->?/application/mysql-5.5.49/

root@ubuntu:/usr/local#?cd?/application/mysql/
root@ubuntu:/application/mysql#?ls?-l?support-files/*.cnf

-rw-r--r--?1?7161?uucp??4691?Mar??1??2016?support-files/my-huge.cnf
-rw-r--r--?1?7161?uucp?19759?Mar??1??2016?support-files/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
-rw-r--r--?1?7161?uucp??4665?Mar??1??2016?support-files/my-large.cnf
-rw-r--r--?1?7161?uucp??4676?Mar??1??2016?support-files/my-medium.cnf
-rw-r--r--?1?7161?uucp??2840?Mar??1??2016?support-files/my-small.cnf

root@ubuntu:/application/mysql#?/bin/cp?support-files/my-small.cnf?/etc/my.cnf
root@ubuntu:/application/mysql#?mkdir?-p?/application/mysql/data
root@ubuntu:/application/mysql#?chown?-R?mysql.mysql?/application/mysql/

初始化数据库

root@ubuntu:/application/mysql#?/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db?--basedir=/application/mysql?--datadir=/application/mysql/data?--user=mysql

Installing?MySQL?system?tables...
171015?19:55:40?[Note]?/application/mysql/bin/mysqld?(mysqld?5.5.49)?starting?as?process?5924?...
OK
Filling?help?tables...
171015?19:55:42?[Note]?/application/mysql/bin/mysqld?(mysqld?5.5.49)?starting?as?process?5930?...
OK

To?start?mysqld?at?boot?time?you?have?to?copy
support-files/mysql.server?to?the?right?place?for?your?system

PLEASE?REMEMBER?TO?SET?A?PASSWORD?FOR?THE?MySQL?root?USER?!
To?do?so,?start?the?server,?then?issue?the?following?commands:

/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin?-u?root?password?'new-password'
/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin?-u?root?-h?ubuntu?password?'new-password'

Alternatively?you?can?run:
/application/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which?will?also?give?you?the?option?of?removing?the?test
databases?and?anonymous?user?created?by?default.??This?is
strongly?recommended?for?production?servers.

See?the?manual?for?more?instructions.

You?can?start?the?MySQL?daemon?with:
cd?/application/mysql?;?/application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe?&

You?can?test?the?MySQL?daemon?with?mysql-test-run.pl
cd?/application/mysql/mysql-test?;?perl?mysql-test-run.pl

Please?report?any?problems?at?http://bugs.mysql.com/

root@ubuntu:/application/mysql#

添加数据库文件

root@ubuntu:/application/mysql#?cp?support-files/mysql.server??/etc/init.d/mysqld
root@ubuntu:/application/mysql#?chmod?+x?/etc/init.d/mysqld
root@ubuntu:/application/mysql#?ll?/etc/init.d/mysqld?

-rwxr-xr-x?1?root?root?10880?Oct?15?19:56?/etc/init.d/mysqld*
root@ubuntu:/application/mysql#

二进制默认路径为/usr/local/mysql 启动脚本里面的路径要更改

root@ubuntu:/application/mysql#?sed?-i?'s#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g'?/application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe?/etc/init.d/mysqld

启动mysql数据库

[root@template?mysql]#?/etc/init.d/mysqld?start
Starting?MySQL..?SUCCESS!

检查mysql数据库是否启动

[root@template?mysql]#?netstat?-lntup|grep?mysql
tcp????????0??????0?0.0.0.0:3306????????????????0.0.0.0:*???????????????????LISTEN??????2224/mysqld

设置mysql 开机自启动

[root@template?mysql]#?chkconfig?--add?mysqld
[root@template?mysql]#?chkconfig?mysqld?on
[root@template?mysql]#?chkconfig?--list?mysqld
mysqld??????????0:off???1:off???2:on????3:on????4:on????5:on????6:off

配置开机自启动

echo?"#mysql?start?by?huzhihua?at?2016-10-27"?>>/etc/rc.local?
echo?"/etc/init.d/mysqld?start"?>>/etc/rc.local?

[root@template?mysql]#?tail?-2?/etc/rc.local?
#mysql?start?by?huzhihua?at?2016-10-27
/etc/init.d/mysqld?start

配置mysql命令的全局使用路径

[root@template?mysql]#?echo?'export?PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH'?>>/etc/profile
[root@template?mysql]#?tail?-1?/etc/profile
export?PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@template?mysql]#?source?/etc/profile
[root@template?mysql]#?echo?$PATH
/application/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

登录mysql

别外三种登录方法：

mysql?-uroot?-p,mysql?-uroot
mysql?-uroot?-p?'oldboy123'

[root@template?mysql]#?mysql
Welcome?to?the?MySQL?monitor.??Commands?end?with?;?or?g.
Your?MySQL?connection?id?is?1
Server?version:?5.5.49?MySQL?Community?Server?(GPL)

Copyright?(c)?2000,?2016,?Oracle?and/or?its?affiliates.?All?rights?reserved.

Oracle?is?a?registered?trademark?of?Oracle?Corporation?and/or?its
affiliates.?Other?names?may?be?trademarks?of?their?respective
owners.

Type?'help;'?or?'h'?for?help.?Type?'c'?to?clear?the?current?input?statement.

mysql>?exit???#退出

请退出mysql,再设置密码

mysqladmin?-u?root?password?'123456'

2、采用yum的方式安装mysql

安装：