MYSQL数据库linux系统下实现mysql热备份详细步骤(mysql主从复制)
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《MYSQL数据库linux系统下实现mysql热备份详细步骤(mysql主从复制)》要点： MYSQL实例主从的作用： MYSQL实例1.可以当做一种备份方式 MYSQL实例2.用来实现读写分离,缓解一个数据库的压力 MYSQL实例?MySQL主从备份原理： MYSQL实例Mysql的主从复制至少是需要两个Mysql的服务,当然Mysql的服务是可以分布在不同的服务器上,也可以在一台服务器上启动多个服务. MYSQL实例如果想配置成为同一台上的话,注意安装的时候,选择两个不同的prefix=路径,同时开启服务器的时候,端口不能相同. MYSQL实例(1)首先确保主从服务器上的Mysql版本相同(做主从服务器的原则是,MYSQL版本要相同,如果不能满足,最起码从服务器的MYSQL的版本必须高于主服务器的MYSQL版本 ) MYSQL实例(2)在主服务器上,设置一个从数据库的账户,使用REPLICATION SLAVE赋予权限,如: ?mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'slave001'@'192.168.0.99' IDENTIFIED BY MYSQL实例'123456'; MYSQL实例Query OK,0 rows affected (0.13 sec) MYSQL实例[原理]master 上提供binlog, MYSQL实例slave 通过 I/O线程从 master拿取 binlog,并复制到slave的中继日志中 MYSQL实例slave 通过 SQL线程从 slave的中继日志中读取binlog,然后解析到slave中 MYSQL实例?主从复制大前提 MYSQL实例需要master与slave同步,因为笔者的数据库数据量不大,所以无需考虑太多,直接把 MYSQL实例master上的data复制到了slave上,但是如果是大的数据量,比如像taobao这个的系统 MYSQL实例实验环境准备： MYSQL实例OS： CentOS5.4 MYSQL实例Mysql:Mysql-5.0.41.tar.gz MYSQL实例两台测试IP&服务器： Master Server: 192.168.1.2/Linux CentOS5.4/MYSQL 5.0 Slave Server: 192.168.1.3/Linux CentOS5.4/MYSQL 5.0 ?安装配置步骤： MYSQL实例?1、首先在Linux环境下分配好磁盘分区以便留足MySQL数据库的备份空间 [root@vps mysql]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/simfs 30G 2.0G 29G 7% / MYSQL实例 MYSQL实例1>将Mysql-5.0.41.tar.gz通过SSH 工具 上传到Linux系统的home目录下 MYSQL实例2>建立MySQL使用者和群组: #groupadd mysql #useradd -g mysql mysql MYSQL实例3>解压缩Mysql-5.0.41.tar.gz源码包 代码如下:#cd /usr/local/sofrware #tar zxvf Mysql-5.0.41.tar.gz MYSQL实例4>进入源码目录编译安装 #cd /home/Mysql-5.0.41 #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-charset=gbk |注:配置Mysql安装路径并且支持中文 #make |注:编译 #make install |注:编译安装 MYSQL实例5>替换/etc/my.cnf文件,进入源码包,执行命令 #cd /home/Mysql-5.0.41 #cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf 6>完成以上操作以后进行初始化数据库,进入已经安装好的mysql目录 代码如下: #cd /usr/local/mysql #bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql |注:--user=mysql 初始化表并且规定用mysql用户 MYSQL实例7>设置给mysql和root用户设定访问权限 我们先进入mysql目录 #cd /usr/local/mysql #chown -R root /usr/local/mysql 注:设定root能访问/usr/local/mysq #chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var 注:设定mysql用户能访问/usr/local/mysql/var #chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql 注:设定mysql组能够访问/usr/local/mysq MYSQL实例8>启动mysql,进入已经安装好的目录 #cd /usr/local/mysql #bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & MYSQL实例9> /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'mysql' MYSQL实例关闭mysql服务器 cd /usr/local/mysql/bin ./mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown MYSQL实例10>设定开机就启动mysql,进入源码目录下 # cd /home/Mysql-5.0.41 # cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql MYSQL实例# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql MYSQL实例到这里MySQL就装好了. MYSQL实例3、配置MySQL5.0的复制(Replication)功能 MYSQL实例?一.将master设置为只读. MYSQL实例mysql> flush tables with read lock; MYSQL实例二.用master中的data文件夹替换slave中的data文件夹 MYSQL实例比如 用 tar zcvf mysql_data.gz /media/raid10/mysql/3306/data MYSQL实例然后 mv mysql_data.gz /media/raid10/htdocs/blog/wordpress/ MYSQL实例因为我的 /media/raid10/htdocs/blog/wordpress/ 是 Nginx 的主目录 MYSQL实例所以可以在 slave上,用wget下载这个文件,然后 解压,并覆盖slave上的data文件 MYSQL实例注意：覆盖之前最好备份源文件 MYSQL实例三.配置master的my.cnf,添加以下内容 MYSQL实例在[mysqld]配置段添加如下字段 代码如下:server-id=1 MYSQL实例log-bin=/media/raid10/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog //这里写你的binlog绝对路径名 MYSQL实例binlog-do-db=blog //需要同步的数据库,如果没有本行,即表示同步所有的数据库 MYSQL实例binlog-ignore-db=mysql //被忽略的数据库 ? MYSQL实例这里给出我的my.cnf配置文件 代码如下:[client] MYSQL实例character-set-server = utf8 MYSQL实例port = 3306 MYSQL实例socket = /tmp/mysql.sock MYSQL实例[mysqld] MYSQL实例character-set-server = utf8 MYSQL实例replicate-ignore-db = mysql MYSQL实例replicate-ignore-db = test MYSQL实例replicate-ignore-db = information_schema MYSQL实例user = mysql MYSQL实例port = 3306 MYSQL实例socket = /tmp/mysql.sock MYSQL实例basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql MYSQL实例datadir = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/data MYSQL实例log-error = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log MYSQL实例pid-file = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/mysql.pid MYSQL实例open_files_limit = 10240 MYSQL实例back_log = 600 MYSQL实例max_connections = 5000 MYSQL实例max_connect_errors = 6000 MYSQL实例table_cache = 614 MYSQL实例external-locking = FALSE MYSQL实例max_allowed_packet = 16M MYSQL实例sort_buffer_size = 1M MYSQL实例join_buffer_size = 1M MYSQL实例thread_cache_size = 300 MYSQL实例#thread_concurrency = 8 MYSQL实例query_cache_size = 20M MYSQL实例query_cache_limit = 2M MYSQL实例query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k MYSQL实例default-storage-engine = MyISAM MYSQL实例thread_stack = 192K MYSQL实例transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED MYSQL实例tmp_table_size = 20M MYSQL实例max_heap_table_size = 20M MYSQL实例long_query_time = 3 MYSQL实例log-slave-updates MYSQL实例log-bin = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog MYSQL实例binlog-do-db=blog MYSQL实例binlog-ignore-db=mysql MYSQL实例?binlog_cache_size = 4M MYSQL实例binlog_format = MIXED MYSQL实例max_binlog_cache_size = 8M MYSQL实例max_binlog_size = 20M MYSQL实例relay-log-index = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog MYSQL实例relay-log-info-file = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog MYSQL实例relay-log = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog MYSQL实例expire_logs_days = 30 MYSQL实例key_buffer_size = 10M MYSQL实例read_buffer_size = 1M MYSQL实例read_rnd_buffer_size = 6M MYSQL实例bulk_insert_buffer_size = 4M MYSQL实例myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M MYSQL实例myisam_max_sort_file_size = 20M MYSQL实例myisam_repair_threads = 1 MYSQL实例myisam_recover MYSQL实例?interactive_timeout = 120 MYSQL实例wait_timeout = 120 MYSQL实例?skip-name-resolve MYSQL实例#master-connect-retry = 10 MYSQL实例slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396 MYSQL实例#master-host = 192.168.1.2 MYSQL实例#master-user = username MYSQL实例#master-password = password MYSQL实例#master-port = 3306 MYSQL实例?server-id = 1 MYSQL实例innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M MYSQL实例innodb_buffer_pool_size = 20M MYSQL实例innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:56M:autoextend MYSQL实例innodb_file_io_threads = 4 MYSQL实例innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 MYSQL实例innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 MYSQL实例innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M MYSQL实例innodb_log_file_size = 20M MYSQL实例innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 MYSQL实例innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 MYSQL实例innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 MYSQL实例innodb_file_per_table = 0 MYSQL实例?#log-slow-queries = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/slow.log MYSQL实例#long_query_time = 10 MYSQL实例?[mysqldump] MYSQL实例quick MYSQL实例max_allowed_packet = 32M ? MYSQL实例四.在master机上为slave机添加一同步帐号 代码如下:mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'admin'@'172.29.141.115' identified by '12345678'; MYSQL实例mysql> flush privileges ; ? MYSQL实例五.配置slave的my.cnf,添加以下内容 MYSQL实例注意: MYSQL实例1.如果mysql是5.5.3-m3 的版本,只需 MYSQL实例在[mysqld]字段下添加如下内容 MYSQL实例server-id=2 MYSQL实例?2.如果是5.0x的版本,需要 MYSQL实例在[mysqld]字段下添加如下内容 代码如下:server-id=2 MYSQL实例log-bin=mysql-bin //这是同步的binlog,具体以你的binlog为准 MYSQL实例master-host=172.29.141.112 MYSQL实例master-user=admin MYSQL实例master-password=12345678 MYSQL实例master-port=3306 MYSQL实例master-connect-retry=60 //如果发现主服务器断线,重新连接的时间差； MYSQL实例replicate-do-db=blog //同步的数据库,不写本行 表示 同步所有数据库 MYSQL实例replicate-ignore-db=mysql //不需要备份的数据库 MYSQL实例log-slave-update MYSQL实例slave-skip-errors MYSQL实例?我的mysql是5.5.3,这里给出我的slave my.cnf配置文件 代码如下:[client] MYSQL实例character-set-server = utf8 MYSQL实例port = 3306 MYSQL实例socket = /tmp/mysql.sock MYSQL实例? MYSQL实例[mysqld] MYSQL实例character-set-server = utf8 MYSQL实例replicate-ignore-db = mysql MYSQL实例replicate-ignore-db = test MYSQL实例replicate-do-db = blog MYSQL实例replicate-ignore-db = information_schema MYSQL实例user = mysql MYSQL实例port = 3306 MYSQL实例socket = /tmp/mysql.sock MYSQL实例basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql MYSQL实例datadir = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/data MYSQL实例log-error = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log MYSQL实例pid-file = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/mysql.pid MYSQL实例open_files_limit = 10240 MYSQL实例back_log = 600 MYSQL实例max_connections = 5000 MYSQL实例max_connect_errors = 6000 MYSQL实例table_cache = 614 MYSQL实例external-locking = FALSE MYSQL实例max_allowed_packet = 16M MYSQL实例sort_buffer_size = 1M MYSQL实例join_buffer_size = 1M MYSQL实例thread_cache_size = 300 MYSQL实例#thread_concurrency = 8 MYSQL实例query_cache_size = 20M MYSQL实例query_cache_limit = 2M MYSQL实例query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k MYSQL实例default-storage-engine = MyISAM MYSQL实例thread_stack = 192K MYSQL实例transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED MYSQL实例tmp_table_size = 20M MYSQL实例max_heap_table_size = 20M MYSQL实例long_query_time = 3 MYSQL实例log-slave-updates MYSQL实例log-bin = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog MYSQL实例binlog_cache_size = 4M MYSQL实例binlog_format = MIXED MYSQL实例max_binlog_cache_size = 8M MYSQL实例max_binlog_size = 20M MYSQL实例relay-log-index = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog MYSQL实例relay-log-info-file = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog MYSQL实例relay-log = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog MYSQL实例expire_logs_days = 30 MYSQL实例key_buffer_size = 10M MYSQL实例read_buffer_size = 1M MYSQL实例read_rnd_buffer_size = 6M MYSQL实例bulk_insert_buffer_size = 4M MYSQL实例myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M MYSQL实例myisam_max_sort_file_size = 20M MYSQL实例myisam_repair_threads = 1 MYSQL实例myisam_recover MYSQL实例interactive_timeout = 120 MYSQL实例wait_timeout = 120 MYSQL实例?skip-name-resolve MYSQL实例#master-connect-retry = 60 MYSQL实例slave-skip-errors = 1032,1396 MYSQL实例?#master-host=172.29.141.112 MYSQL实例#master-user = admin MYSQL实例#master-password = 12345678 MYSQL实例#master-port = 3306 MYSQL实例server-id = 2 MYSQL实例innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M MYSQL实例innodb_buffer_pool_size = 20M MYSQL实例innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:56M:autoextend MYSQL实例innodb_file_io_threads = 4 MYSQL实例innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 MYSQL实例innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 MYSQL实例innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M MYSQL实例innodb_log_file_size = 20M MYSQL实例innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 MYSQL实例innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 MYSQL实例innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 MYSQL实例innodb_file_per_table = 0 MYSQL实例#log-slow-queries = /media/raid10/mysql/3306/slow.log MYSQL实例#long_query_time = 10 MYSQL实例[mysqldump] MYSQL实例quick MYSQL实例max_allowed_packet = 32M MYSQL实例?六.通过查看master的状态(在master上查看),为配置slave做准备 代码如下:mysql> show master status/G; MYSQL实例ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away MYSQL实例No connection. Trying to reconnect... MYSQL实例Connection id: 13 MYSQL实例Current database: blog MYSQL实例*************************** 1. row *************************** MYSQL实例File: binlog.000005 MYSQL实例Position: 592 MYSQL实例Binlog_Do_DB: blog MYSQL实例Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql MYSQL实例1 row in set (0.01 sec) MYSQL实例ERROR: MYSQL实例No query specified MYSQL实例?从上面的信息,可以看出,master现在使用的binlog是binlog.000005,position是592,那么下面的slave配置必须与这个对应. MYSQL实例?其实binlog.000005是当前master使用的binlog日志文件 MYSQL实例position是当前master使用的binlog.000005日志文件的位置 MYSQL实例简单理解为master正在使用哪个binlog的哪个数据行(位置). MYSQL实例 MYSQL实例注意,这个与第六步相对应 代码如下:mysql> stop slave ; MYSQL实例mysql> change master to master_host='172.29.141.112',master_user='admin',master_password='12345678',master_log_file='binlog.000005',master_log_pos=488; MYSQL实例?这个与5.0的配置my.cnf作用是一样的,配置成与master相对应的内容 MYSQL实例主要是配置slave,让slave知道从master的哪个binlog上的哪个位置复制数据.所以需要知道master的ip,user_name,user_passwd,binlog,binlog_position以及多长时间连接一次master MYSQL实例?八.开启slave 代码如下:mysql> start slave; MYSQL实例?九.解除master只读限制,并做测试 代码如下:mysql> unlock tables; MYSQL实例mysql> use blog; MYSQL实例mysql> create longxibendi ( a int,b int ); 十.从slave上查看 代码如下: mysql> use blog; MYSQL实例mysql> show tables; MYSQL实例+-----------------------+ MYSQL实例| Tables_in_blog | MYSQL实例+-----------------------+ MYSQL实例| longxibendi | MYSQL实例| wp_commentmeta | MYSQL实例| wp_comments | MYSQL实例| wp_links | MYSQL实例| wp_options | MYSQL实例| wp_postmeta | MYSQL实例| wp_posts | MYSQL实例| wp_term_relationships | MYSQL实例| wp_term_taxonomy | MYSQL实例| wp_terms | MYSQL实例| wp_usermeta | MYSQL实例| wp_users | MYSQL实例+-----------------------+ MYSQL实例12 rows in set (0.00 sec) 可以看到成功了!! MYSQL实例?十一.配置过程中,可以用 show slave status/G; 在 slave上 MYSQL实例查看 slave的复制情况 MYSQL实例十二.如果出现什么问题,可能是防火墙的问题 MYSQL实例/etc/init.d/iptables stop 关闭 master 上的防火墙,或者进行相应的配置 MYSQL实例常遇到的错误与解决： MYSQL实例1.[mysql]ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2) MYSQL实例这个错误,网上有很多说法,其实直接的原因是mysql服务器没有启动 MYSQL实例之前我按照5.0x配置master-slave,然后启动slave,在连接slave,就会报这个错误 MYSQL实例后来发现原因是,mysql slave没有启动起来,然后去查错误日志,发现以下的字段 代码如下:110505 01:55:20 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /media/raid10/mysql/3306/mysql.pid ended MYSQL实例110505 02:04:41 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /media/raid10/mysql/3306/data MYSQL实例InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled MYSQL实例InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use InnoDB's own implementation MYSQL实例110505 2:04:41 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. MYSQL实例110505 2:04:41 InnoDB Plugin 1.0.6 started; log sequence number 44338 MYSQL实例110505 2:04:41 [ERROR] /usr/local/webserver/mysql/libexec/mysqld: unknown variable 'master-connect-retry=60' MYSQL实例110505 2:04:41 [ERROR] Aborting MYSQL实例110505 2:04:41 InnoDB: Starting shutdown... MYSQL实例110505 2:04:43 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 44348 MYSQL实例110505 2:04:43 [Note] /usr/local/webserver/mysql/libexec/mysqld: Shutdown complete MYSQL实例?110505 02:04:43 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /media/raid10/mysql/3306/mysql.pid ended MYSQL实例110505 02:07:44 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /media/raid10/mysql/3306/data MYSQL实例InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled MYSQL实例InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use InnoDB's own implementation MYSQL实例110505 2:07:44 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. MYSQL实例110505 2:07:45 InnoDB Plugin 1.0.6 started; log sequence number 44348 MYSQL实例110505 2:07:45 [ERROR] /usr/local/webserver/mysql/libexec/mysqld: unknown variable 'master-host=172.29.141.112' MYSQL实例110505 2:07:45 [ERROR] Aborting MYSQL实例 MYSQL实例然后我把这个参数注释掉,又发现不支持这个参数master-host,从上面的ERROR字段可以看出来.后来,就知道,5.5.3-m3不能按5.0.x那样配置 MYSQL实例原来不需要从my.cnf中配置master相关信息,当然server-id是必须的.其他信息,通过 在命令行中,登陆 mysql服务器配置. MYSQL实例其实server-id的作用是 MYSQL实例第一,标识,区分不同的slave,第二,防止环备份的发生 MYSQL实例? MYSQL实例2.Last_Error: Last_SQL_Error：等错误 MYSQL实例这个是从 slave上,运行 show slave status/G; 得到的.出现这个问题,最根本的原因是,slave 没有与当前的master的binlog 和binlog的position对应上 MYSQL实例也就是说,slave传输的master binlog 不与当前master正使用的binlog以及binlog的行数对应. MYSQL实例? MYSQL实例3.[ERROR] Slave I/O: error connecting to master 'admin@172.29.141.112:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 86400,Error_code: 2003 MYSQL实例这个就是因为防火墙的问题,所以用 /etc/init.d/iptables stop 关闭防火墙就OK了. MYSQL实例? MYSQL实例4.遇到ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query错误. （编辑：李大同） 【声明】本站内容均来自网络，其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利，请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |