Mysql必读centos下安装mysql服务器的方法

发布时间：2020-12-12 00:46:18 所属栏目：MySql教程来源：网络整理

导读：《Mysql必读centos下安装mysql服务器的方法》要点：本文介绍了Mysql必读centos下安装mysql服务器的方法，希望对您有用。如果有疑问，可以联系我们。项目需要就在现有的服务器上面重新安装了个mysql服务器,还挺费劲儿呢,因为之前都是在我的笔记本上面试验的

《Mysql必读centos下安装mysql服务器的方法》要点：
本文介绍了Mysql必读centos下安装mysql服务器的方法，希望对您有用。如果有疑问，可以联系我们。

项目需要就在现有的服务器上面重新安装了个mysql服务器,还挺费劲儿呢,因为之前都是在我的笔记本上面试验的,它的系统是Ubuntu的,什么路径啊,启动方式啊.都不一样所以这次还是让我纠结了一把：
下面把我安装过程中遇到的问题给传上来,
首先rpm格式安装就不多说了,主要是mysql的配置文件在：/etc/my.cnf这里,需要修改：
代码如下:
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x
# clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package).
old_passwords=1　 ← 找到这一行,在这一行的下面添加新的规则,让MySQL的默认编码为UTF-8
default-character-set = utf8　 ← 添加这一行
然后在配置文件的文尾填加如下语句：
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

然后我就直接启动mysql了,还以为是Ubuntu的那样呢,安装后自动启动,可是centos不一样,服务没有启动所以就抱错了.
代码如下:
[root@fsailing1 init.d]# mysql -u root
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)

这个错误之前遇到过,就是因为错误或者其他的什么原因,mysql服务器没有启动造成的.
接着启动mysql服务：
代码如下:
root@fsailing1 init.d]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
启动 MySQL：?????????????????????????????????????????????? [确定]
[root@fsailing1 init.d]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root????? 1949???? 1? 0 22:21 pts/1??? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --user=mysql
mysql???? 2002? 1949? 1 22:21 pts/1??? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --skip-external-locking --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root????? 2020? 1101? 0 22:21 pts/1??? 00:00:00 grep mysql

启动方式有很多种：service方式service mysqld start 和安全方式：/usr/bin/mysqld_safe &
通过启动服务的后缀我们可以清楚的看到,数据库放在那里,错误日志在哪里,
完事之后,要看看字符集的问题(这个问题至今我还没有搞清楚呢).是否匹配：
代码如下:
mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name??????????? | Value????????????????????? |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client???? | latin1???????????????????? |
| character_set_connection | latin1???????????????????? |
| character_set_database?? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_filesystem | binary???????????????????? |
| character_set_results??? | latin1???????????????????? |
| character_set_server???? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_system???? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_sets_dir?????? | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

这种情况是不行的,我们只是改变了服务器的字符集,没有改变客户端的字符集.
修改my.cnf文件后,重启mysql服务器后得知：
代码如下:
mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name??????????? | Value????????????????????? |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client???? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_connection | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_database?? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_filesystem | binary???????????????????? |
| character_set_results??? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_server???? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_system???? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_sets_dir?????? | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

这样就算是完成了,字符集的配置了.然后呢就是密码和授权问题了.
查看用户密码：
代码如下:
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------+------+----------+
| host????? | user | password |
+-----------+------+----------+
| localhost | root |????????? |
| fsailing1 | root |????????? |
| 127.0.0.1 | root |????????? |
| localhost |????? |????????? |
| fsailing1 |????? |????????? |
+-----------+------+----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

这里用户和密码有的是空的,怪不得不需要任何验证都能够登录到服务器上去,这是很不安全的.所以要删除这些不安全的用户
代码如下:
mysql> delete from user where user='';
Query OK,2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select host,password from user;
+-----------+------+----------+
| host????? | user | password |
+-----------+------+----------+
| localhost | root |????????? |
| fsailing1 | root |????????? |
| 127.0.0.1 | root |????????? |
+-----------+------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

然后是设置现有的用户密码：这里可以update,set都行.
代码如下:
mysql> update user set password='123' where host='localhost';
Query OK,1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1? Changed: 1? Warnings: 0
mysql> select host,password from user;
+-----------+------+----------+
| host????? | user | password |
+-----------+------+----------+
| localhost | root | 123????? |
| fsailing1 | root |????????? |
| 127.0.0.1 | root |????????? |
+-----------+------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

这里我一看傻眼了,没有经过md5码加密呢,算了这里还只能用set进行设置密码呢.
代码如下:
mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('123');
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select host,password from user;
+-----------+------+------------------+
| host????? | user | password???????? |
+-----------+------+------------------+
| localhost | root | 773359240eb9a1d9 |
| fsailing1 | root |????????????????? |
| 127.0.0.1 | root |????????????????? |
+-----------+------+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

到这里该做的基本上就算是完事了.

（编辑：李大同）

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