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SQLSERVER存储过程基本语法
一、定义变量
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print
?
|
declare
@a
int
set
@a=5
print @a
?
?
declare
@user1 nvarchar(50)
select
@user1=
'张三'
print @user1
declare
@user2 nvarchar(50)
select
@user2 =
Name
from
ST_User
where
ID=1
print @user2
?
?
declare
@user3 nvarchar(50)
update
ST_User
set
@user3 =
Name
where
ID=1
print @user3
?
二、表、临时表、表变量
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print
?
create
table
#DU_User1
(
?????
[ID] [
int
]?
NOT
NULL
,
?????
[Oid] [
int
]
NOT
NULL
,
?????
[Login] [nvarchar](50)
NOT
NULL
,
?????
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4)
NOT
NULL
,
?????
[
Name
] [nvarchar](5)
NOT
NULL
,
?????
[
Password
] [nvarchar](
max
)
NULL
,
?????
[State] [nvarchar](8)
NOT
NULL
);
insert
into
#DU_User1 (ID,Oid,[Login],Rtx,
Name
,[
Password
],State)
values
(100,2,
'LS'
,
'0000'
,
'临时'
,
'321'
,
'特殊'
);
?
?
select
*
into
#DU_User2
from
ST_User
where
ID<8
?
?
select
*
from
#DU_User2
where
ID<3
union
select
*
from
#DU_User1
?
?
drop
table
#DU_User1
drop
table
#DU_User2
?
view source
print
?
CREATE
TABLE
#t
(
????
[ID] [
int
]
NOT
NULL
,
????
[Oid] [
int
]
NOT
NULL
,
????
[Login] [nvarchar](50)
NOT
NULL
,
????
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4)
NOT
NULL
,
????
[
Name
] [nvarchar](5)
NOT
NULL
,
????
[
Password
] [nvarchar](
max
)
NULL
,
????
[State] [nvarchar](8)
NOT
NULL
,
)
?
?
insert
into
#t
select
*
from
ST_User
?
?
alter
table
#t
add
[myid]
int
NOT
NULL
IDENTITY(1,1)
alter
table
#t
add
[myid1] uniqueidentifier
NOT
NULL
default
(newid())
?
?
select
*
from
#t
drop
table
#t
view source
print
?
?
?
select
IDENTITY(
int
,1,1)
as
ID,[
Password
]
into
#t
from
ST_User
select
*
from
#t
?
?
select
(
select
SUM
(1)
from
ST_User
where
ID<= a.ID)
as
myID,*
from
ST_User a
order
by
myID
view source
print
?
declare
@t
table
(
????
id
int
not
null
,
????
msg nvarchar(50)
null
)
insert
into
@t
values
(1,
'1'
)
insert
into
@t
values
(2,
'2'
)
select
*
from
@t
?三、循环
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print
?
declare
@a
int
declare
@
sum
int
set
@a=1
set
@
sum
=0
while @a<=100
begin
????
set
@
sum
+=@a
????
set
@a+=1
end
print @
sum
四、条件语句
view source
print
?
if(1+1=2)
begin
????
print
'对'
end
else
begin
????
print
'错'
end
?
?
declare
@today
int
declare
@week nvarchar(3)
set
@today=3
set
@week=
case
????
when
@today=1
then
'星期一'
????
when
@today=2
then
'星期二'
????
when
@today=3
then
'星期三'
????
when
@today=4
then
'星期四'
????
when
@today=5
then
'星期五'
????
when
@today=6
then
'星期六'
????
when
@today=7
then
'星期日'
????
else
'值错误'
end
print @week
?
五、游标
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print
?
declare
@ID
int
declare
@Oid
int
declare
@Login
varchar
(50)
?
?
declare
user_cur
cursor
for
select
ID,[Login]
from
ST_User
open
user_cur
while @@fetch_status=0
begin
????
fetch
next
from
user_cur
into
@ID,@Oid,@Login
????
print @ID
????
end
close
user_cur
deallocate
user_cur
六、触发器
触发器中的临时表:
Inserted
存放进行insert和update 操作后的数据
Deleted
存放进行delete 和update操作前的数据
view source
print
?
Create
trigger
User_OnUpdate?
????
On
ST_User?
????
for
Update
?
As
?
????
declare
@msg nvarchar(50)
????
????
select
@msg = N
'姓名从“'
+ Deleted.
Name
+ N
'”修改为“'
+ Inserted.
Name
+
'”'
from
Inserted,Deleted
????
????
insert
into
[LOG](MSG)
values
(@msg)
?????
?
drop
trigger
User_OnUpdate
七、存储过程
view source
print
?
CREATE
PROCEDURE
PR_Sum
????
@a
int
,
????
@b
int
,
????
@
sum
int
output
AS
BEGIN
????
set
@
sum
=@a+@b
END
?
?
CREATE
PROCEDURE
PR_Sum2
????
@a
int
,
????
@b
int
AS
BEGIN
????
Return
@a+@b
END
?????
?
declare
@mysum
int
execute
PR_Sum 1,@mysum
output
print @mysum
?
?
declare
@mysum2
int
execute
@mysum2= PR_Sum2 1,2
print @mysum2
?
??
八、自定义函数
函数的分类:
1)标量值函数
2)表值函数
a:内联表值函数
b:多语句表值函数
3)系统函数
view source
print
?
create
function
FUNC_Sum1
(
????
@a
int
,
????
@b
int
)
returns
int
as
begin
????
return
@a+@b
end
?
?
create
function
FUNC_UserTab_1
(
????
@myId
int
)
returns
table
as
return
(
select
*
from
ST_User
where
ID<@myId)
?
?
create
function
FUNC_UserTab_2
(
????
@myId
int
)
returns
@t
table
(
????
[ID] [
int
]
NOT
NULL
,
????
[Oid] [
int
]
NOT
NULL
,
????
[Login] [nvarchar](50)
NOT
NULL
,
????
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4)
NOT
NULL
,
????
[
Name
] [nvarchar](5)
NOT
NULL
,
????
[
Password
] [nvarchar](
max
)
NULL
,
????
[State] [nvarchar](8)
NOT
NULL
)
as
begin
????
insert
into
@t
select
*
from
ST_User
where
ID<@myId
????
return
end
?
?
select
*
from
dbo.FUNC_UserTab_1(15)
declare
@s
int
set
@s=dbo.FUNC_Sum1(100,50)
print @s
?
?
drop
function
FUNC_Sum1
谈谈自定义函数与存储过程的区别:
一、自定义函数:
1. 可以返回表变量
2. 限制颇多,包括
不能使用output参数;
不能用临时表;
函数内部的操作不能影响到外部环境;
不能通过select返回结果集;
不能update,delete,数据库表;
3. 必须return 一个标量值或表变量
自定义函数一般用在复用度高,功能简单单一,争对性强的地方。
二、存储过程
1. 不能返回表变量
2. 限制少,可以执行对数据库表的操作,可以返回数据集
3. 可以return一个标量值,也可以省略return
存储过程一般用在实现复杂的功能,数据操纵方面。
(编辑:李大同)
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