??
SQLServer - 存储过程基本语法
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oracle的建表sql转成sqlserver的建表sql时的注意点 : 1.所有的comment语句需要删除。 2.clob类型转换为text类型。 3.blob类型转换为image类型。 4.number类型转换为int,number(16,2)等转换为decimal(16,2),number(18)转换为bigint。 5.default sysdate改为default getDate()。 6.to_date('2009-12-18','yyyy-mm-dd')改为cast('2009-12-18'? as?? datetime)
SQLSERVER: 变量的声明: 声明变量时必须在变量前加@符号 DECLARE @I INT
变量的赋值: 变量赋值时变量前必须加set SET @I = 30
声明多个变量: DECLARE @s varchar(10),@a INT
if语句:
Java代码
 ?


- if?..??
- begin??
- ??...??
- end??
- else?if?..??
- begin??
- ??...??
- end??
- else??
- begin??
- ??...??
- end???
if ..
begin
...
end
else if ..
begin
...
end
else
begin
...
end
?Example:
Sql代码
 ?


- DECLARE?@d?INT??
- set?@d?=?1??
- IF?@d?=?1?BEGIN??
- ???PRINT?'正确'??
- END??
- ELSE?BEGIN??
- ???PRINT?'错误'??
- END??
DECLARE @d INT
set @d = 1
IF @d = 1 BEGIN
PRINT '正确'
END
ELSE BEGIN
PRINT '错误'
END
? 多条件选择语句: Example:
Sql代码
 ?


- declare?@today?int??
- declare?@week?nvarchar(3)??
- set?@today=3??
- set?@week=?case??
- ?????when?@today=1?then?'星期一'??
- ?????when?@today=2?then?'星期二'??
- ?????when?@today=3?then?'星期三'??
- ?????when?@today=4?then?'星期四'??
- ?????when?@today=5?then?'星期五'??
- ?????when?@today=6?then?'星期六'??
- ?????when?@today=7?then?'星期日'??
- ?????else?'值错误'??
- end??
- print?@week??
declare @today int
declare @week nvarchar(3)
set @today=3
set @week= case
when @today=1 then '星期一'
when @today=2 then '星期二'
when @today=3 then '星期三'
when @today=4 then '星期四'
when @today=5 then '星期五'
when @today=6 then '星期六'
when @today=7 then '星期日'
else '值错误'
end
print @week
? 循环语句:
Java代码
 ?


- WHILE?条件?BEGIN????
- 执行语句??
- END????
WHILE 条件 BEGIN
执行语句
END
?Example:
Java代码
 ?


- DECLARE?@i?INT??
- SET?@i?=?1??
- WHILE?@i<1000000?BEGIN??
- set?@i=@i+1??
- END??
DECLARE @i INT
SET @i = 1
WHILE @i<1000000 BEGIN
set @i=@i+1
END
?
定义游标:
Sql代码
 ?


- DECLARE?@cur1?CURSOR?FOR?SELECT?.........??
- ??
- OPEN?@cur1??
- FETCH?NEXT?FROM?@cur1?INTO?变量??
- WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)??
- BEGIN??
- 处理.....??
- FETCH?NEXT?FROM?@cur1?INTO?变量??
- END??
- CLOSE?@cur1??
- DEALLOCATE?@cur1???
DECLARE @cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT .........
OPEN @cur1
FETCH NEXT FROM @cur1 INTO 变量
WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
BEGIN
处理.....
FETCH NEXT FROM @cur1 INTO 变量
END
CLOSE @cur1
DEALLOCATE @cur1
?
Sql代码
 ?


- AS??
- ??
- declare?@CATEGORY_CI_TABLENAME?VARCHAR(50)?=''??
- declare?@result?VARCHAR(2000)?=?''??
- declare?@CI_ID?DECIMAL?=?0??
- declare?@num?int?=?1??
- declare?@countnum?int?=?1??
- ??
- BEGIN??
- select??@countnum?=?count(ATTRIBUTE_CONFIG_ID)?from?T_ATTRIBUTE_CONFIG?where?CMDB_UPDATE_FLAG=?'Y'?and?CATEGORY_CODE?=@CATEGORY_CODE??
- ???
- IF?(@ATTRIBUTE2='A')??
- ??begin????
- ????????DECLARE?MyCursor?CURSOR?for?select?ATTRIBUTE_CONFIG_CODE?from?T_ATTRIBUTE_CONFIG?where??CMDB_UPDATE_FLAG=?'Y'?and?CATEGORY_CODE?=@CATEGORY_CODE??
- ?????????OPEN?MyCursor?FETCH?NEXT?FROM?MyCursor?INTO?@CONFIG_CODE??
- ????????????????set?@result?=?@result+@CONFIG_CODE+','??
- ?????????????WHILE?@@FETCH_STATUS?=?0??
- ????????????????????BEGIN??
- ????????????????????FETCH?NEXT?FROM?MyCursor?INTO?@CONFIG_CODE??
- ????????????????????set?@num?=?@num+?1??
- ????????????????????????if(@num<@countnum)???
- ????????????????????????????begin??
- ????????????????????????????????set?@result?=?@result+@CONFIG_CODE+','??
- ????????????????????????????end???
- ????????????????????????else?if(@num=@countnum)???
- ?????????????????????????????begin??
- ????????????????????????????????set?@result?=?@result?+@CONFIG_CODE??
- ?????????????????????????????end???
- ????????????????????END??
- ????????????CLOSE?MyCursor???
- ????????????DEALLOCATE?MyCursor???
- ????????set?@result?=?'insert?into?'?+?@ATTRIBUTE1?+?'('?+?@result?+')?select?'+?@result?+'?from?'+@CATEGORY_CI_TABLENAME?+'?where?CI_ORDER_LINE_ID='+@KEY_ID??
- ??end?????????????
- ?else?if((@ATTRIBUTE2='U'))??
AS
declare @CATEGORY_CI_TABLENAME VARCHAR(50) =''
declare @result VARCHAR(2000) = ''
declare @CI_ID DECIMAL = 0
declare @num int = 1
declare @countnum int = 1
BEGIN
select @countnum = count(ATTRIBUTE_CONFIG_ID) from T_ATTRIBUTE_CONFIG where CMDB_UPDATE_FLAG= 'Y' and CATEGORY_CODE =@CATEGORY_CODE
IF (@ATTRIBUTE2='A')
begin
DECLARE MyCursor CURSOR for select ATTRIBUTE_CONFIG_CODE from T_ATTRIBUTE_CONFIG where CMDB_UPDATE_FLAG= 'Y' and CATEGORY_CODE =@CATEGORY_CODE
OPEN MyCursor FETCH NEXT FROM MyCursor INTO @CONFIG_CODE
set @result = @result+@CONFIG_CODE+','
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
FETCH NEXT FROM MyCursor INTO @CONFIG_CODE
set @num = @num+ 1
if(@num<@countnum)
begin
set @result = @result+@CONFIG_CODE+','
end
else if(@num=@countnum)
begin
set @result = @result +@CONFIG_CODE
end
END
CLOSE MyCursor
DEALLOCATE MyCursor
set @result = 'insert into ' + @ATTRIBUTE1 + '(' + @result +') select '+ @result +' from '+@CATEGORY_CI_TABLENAME +' where CI_ORDER_LINE_ID='+@KEY_ID
end
else if((@ATTRIBUTE2='U'))
?
临时表:
-- Select INTO 从一个查询的计算结果中创建一个新表。 数据并不返回给客户端,这一点和普通的Select 不同。 新表的字段具有和 Select 的输出字段相关联(相同)的名字和数据类型。 ??????? select * into NewTable ??????????? from Uname
-- Insert INTO ABC Select ??????? -- 表ABC必须存在 ??????? -- 把表Uname里面的字段Username复制到表ABC ??????? Insert INTO ABC Select Username FROM Uname
-- 创建临时表 ??????? Create TABLE #temp( ??????????? UID int identity(1,1) PRIMARY KEY, ??????????? UserName varchar(16), ??????????? Pwd varchar(50), ??????????? Age smallint, ??????????? Sex varchar(6) ??????? ) ??? ??? -- 打开临时表 ??????? Select * from #temp
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?1、局部临时表(#开头)只对当前连接有效,当前连接断开时自动删除。 2、全局临时表(##开头)对其它连接也有效,在当前连接和其他访问过它的连接都断开时自动删除。 3、不管局部临时表还是全局临时表,只要连接有访问权限,都可以用drop table #Tmp(或者drop table ##Tmp)来显式删除临时表。
临时表对执行效率应该影响不大,只要不是太过份,相反可以提高效率特别是连接查询的地方,只要你的数据库临时表空间足够 游标多,会严重执行效率,能免则免!
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临时表在不同数据库设计中的作用
SQLSERVER 存储过程 语法
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其他:
--有输入参数的存储过程--
create proc GetComment
(@commentid int)
as
select * from Comment where CommentID=@commentid
?
--有输入与输出参数的存储过程--
create proc GetCommentCount
@newsid int,
@count int output
as
select @count=count(*) from Comment where NewsID=@newsid
?
?
--返回单个值的函数--
create function MyFunction
(@newsid int)
returns int
as
begin
declare @count int
select @count=count(*) from Comment where NewsID=@newsid
return @count
end
?
--调用方法--
declare @count int
exec @count=MyFunction 2
print @count
?
--返回值为表的函数--
Create function GetFunctionTable
(@newsid int)
returns table
as
return
(select * from Comment where NewsID=@newsid)
?
--返回值为表的函数的调用--
select * from GetFunctionTable(2)
?
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SQLServer 存储过程中不拼接SQL字符串实现多条件查询
以前拼接的写法 set @sql=' select * from table where 1=1 ' if (@addDate is not null) set @sql = @sql+' and addDate = '+ @addDate + ' ' if (@name <>'' and is not null) set @sql = @sql+ ' and name = ' + @name + ' ' exec(@sql) 下面是 不采用拼接SQL字符串实现多条件查询的解决方案 第一种写法是 感觉代码有些冗余 if (@addDate is not null) and (@name <> '') select * from table where addDate = @addDate and name = @name else if (@addDate is not null) and (@name ='') select * from table where addDate = @addDate else if(@addDate is null) and (@name <> '') select * from table where and name = @name else if(@addDate is null) and (@name = '') select * from table 第二种写法是 select * from table where (addDate = @addDate or @addDate is null) and (name = @name or @name = '') 第三种写法是 SELECT * FROM table where addDate = CASE @addDate IS NULL THEN addDate ELSE @addDate END, name = CASE @name WHEN '' THEN name ELSE @name END
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?
SQLSERVER存储过程基本语法
?
一、定义变量
|
declare
@a
int
set
@a=5
print @a
?
?
declare
@user1 nvarchar(50)
select
@user1=
'张三'
print @user1
declare
@user2 nvarchar(50)
select
@user2 =
Name
from
ST_User
where
ID=1
print @user2
?
?
declare
@user3 nvarchar(50)
update
ST_User
set
@user3 =
Name
where
ID=1
print @user3
?
二、表、临时表、表变量
create
table
#DU_User1
(
?????
[ID] [
int
]?
NOT
NULL
,
?????
[Oid] [
int
]
NOT
NULL
,
?????
[Login] [nvarchar](50)
NOT
NULL
,
?????
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4)
NOT
NULL
,
?????
[
Name
] [nvarchar](5)
NOT
NULL
,
?????
[
Password
] [nvarchar](
max
)
NULL
,
?????
[State] [nvarchar](8)
NOT
NULL
);
insert
into
#DU_User1 (ID,Oid,[Login],Rtx,
Name
,[
Password
],State)
values
(100,2,
'LS'
,
'0000'
,
'临时'
,
'321'
,
'特殊'
);
?
?
select
*
into
#DU_User2
from
ST_User
where
ID<8
?
?
select
*
from
#DU_User2
where
ID<3
union
select
*
from
#DU_User1
?
?
drop
table
#DU_User1
drop
table
#DU_User2
?
CREATE
TABLE
#t
(
????
[ID] [
int
]
NOT
NULL
,
????
[Oid] [
int
]
NOT
NULL
,
????
[Login] [nvarchar](50)
NOT
NULL
,
????
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4)
NOT
NULL
,
????
[
Name
] [nvarchar](5)
NOT
NULL
,
????
[
Password
] [nvarchar](
max
)
NULL
,
????
[State] [nvarchar](8)
NOT
NULL
,
)
?
?
insert
into
#t
select
*
from
ST_User
?
?
alter
table
#t
add
[myid]
int
NOT
NULL
IDENTITY(1,1)
alter
table
#t
add
[myid1] uniqueidentifier
NOT
NULL
default
(newid())
?
?
select
*
from
#t
drop
table
#t
?
?
select
IDENTITY(
int
,1,1)
as
ID,
Name
,[
Password
]
into
#t
from
ST_User
select
*
from
#t
?
?
select
(
select
SUM
(1)
from
ST_User
where
ID<= a.ID)
as
myID,*
from
ST_User a
order
by
myID
declare
@t
table
(
????
id
int
not
null
,
????
msg nvarchar(50)
null
)
insert
into
@t
values
(1,
'1'
)
insert
into
@t
values
(2,
'2'
)
select
*
from
@t
?三、循环
declare
@a
int
declare
@
sum
int
set
@a=1
set
@
sum
=0
while @a<=100
begin
????
set
@
sum
+=@a
????
set
@a+=1
end
print @
sum
四、条件语句
if(1+1=2)
begin
????
print
'对'
end
else
begin
????
print
'错'
end
?
?
declare
@today
int
declare
@week nvarchar(3)
set
@today=3
set
@week=
case
????
when
@today=1
then
'星期一'
????
when
@today=2
then
'星期二'
????
when
@today=3
then
'星期三'
????
when
@today=4
then
'星期四'
????
when
@today=5
then
'星期五'
????
when
@today=6
then
'星期六'
????
when
@today=7
then
'星期日'
????
else
'值错误'
end
print @week
?
五、游标
declare
@ID
int
declare
@Oid
int
declare
@Login
varchar
(50)
?
?
declare
user_cur
cursor
for
select
ID,[Login]
from
ST_User
open
user_cur
while @@fetch_status=0
begin
????
fetch
next
from
user_cur
into
@ID,@Oid,@Login
????
print @ID
????
end
close
user_cur
deallocate
user_cur
六、触发器
触发器中的临时表:
Inserted
存放进行insert和update 操作后的数据
Deleted
存放进行delete 和update操作前的数据
Create
trigger
User_OnUpdate?
????
On
ST_User?
????
for
Update
?
As
?
????
declare
@msg nvarchar(50)
????
????
select
@msg = N
'姓名从“'
+ Deleted.
Name
+ N
'”修改为“'
+ Inserted.
Name
+
'”'
from
Inserted,Deleted
????
????
insert
into
[LOG](MSG)
values
(@msg)
?????
?
drop
trigger
User_OnUpdate
七、存储过程
CREATE
PROCEDURE
PR_Sum
????
@a
int
,
????
@b
int
,
????
@
sum
int
output
AS
BEGIN
????
set
@
sum
=@a+@b
END
?
?
CREATE
PROCEDURE
PR_Sum2
????
@a
int
,
????
@b
int
AS
BEGIN
????
Return
@a+@b
END
?????
?
declare
@mysum
int
execute
PR_Sum 1,@mysum
output
print @mysum
?
?
declare
@mysum2
int
execute
@mysum2= PR_Sum2 1,2
print @mysum2
?
? ?
八、自定义函数
函数的分类:
1)标量值函数
2)表值函数
a:内联表值函数
b:多语句表值函数
3)系统函数
?
create
function
FUNC_Sum1
(
????
@a
int
,
????
@b
int
)
returns
int
as
begin
????
return
@a+@b
end
?
?
create
function
FUNC_UserTab_1
(
????
@myId
int
)
returns
table
as
return
(
select
*
from
ST_User
where
ID<@myId)
?
?
create
function
FUNC_UserTab_2
(
????
@myId
int
)
returns
@t
table
(
????
[ID] [
int
]
NOT
NULL
,
????
[Oid] [
int
]
NOT
NULL
,
????
[Login] [nvarchar](50)
NOT
NULL
,
????
[Rtx] [nvarchar](4)
NOT
NULL
,
????
[
Name
] [nvarchar](5)
NOT
NULL
,
????
[
Password
] [nvarchar](
max
)
NULL
,
????
[State] [nvarchar](8)
NOT
NULL
)
as
begin
????
insert
into
@t
select
*
from
ST_User
where
ID<@myId
????
return
end
?
?
select
*
from
dbo.FUNC_UserTab_1(15)
declare
@s
int
set
@s=dbo.FUNC_Sum1(100,50)
print @s
?
?
drop
function
FUNC_Sum1
谈谈自定义函数与存储过程的区别:
一、自定义函数:
1. 可以返回表变量
2. 限制颇多,包括
不能使用output参数;
不能用临时表;
函数内部的操作不能影响到外部环境;
不能通过select返回结果集;
不能update,delete,数据库表;
3. 必须return 一个标量值或表变量
自定义函数一般用在复用度高,功能简单单一,争对性强的地方。
二、存储过程
1. 不能返回表变量
2. 限制少,可以执行对数据库表的操作,可以返回数据集
3. 可以return一个标量值,也可以省略return
存储过程一般用在实现复杂的功能,数据操纵方面。
?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SqlServer存储过程--实例
实例1:只返回单一记录集的存储过程。
表银行存款表(bankMoney)的内容如下
?
Id
userID
Sex
Money
001
Zhangsan
男
30
002
Wangwu
男
50
003
Zhangsan
男
40
?
要求1:查询表bankMoney的内容的存储过程
create procedure sp_query_bankMoney
as
select * from bankMoney
go
exec sp_query_bankMoney
注*? 在使用过程中只需要把T-Sql中的SQL语句替换为存储过程名,就可以了很方便吧!
实例2(向存储过程中传递参数):
加入一笔记录到表bankMoney,并查询此表中userID= Zhangsan的所有存款的总金额。
Create proc insert_bank @param1 char(10),@param2 varchar(20),@param3 varchar(20),@param4 int,@param5 int output
with encryption ---------加密
as
insert into?bankMoney (id,userID,sex,Money)
Values(@param1,@param2,@param3,@param4)
select @param5=sum(Money) from bankMoney where userID='Zhangsan'
go
在SQL Server查询分析器中执行该存储过程的方法是:
declare @total_price int
exec insert_bank '004','Zhangsan','男',100,@total_price output
print '总余额为'+convert(varchar,@total_price)
go
在这里再啰嗦一下存储过程的3种传回值(方便正在看这个例子的朋友不用再去查看语法内容):
1.以Return传回整数
2.以output格式传回参数
3.Recordset
传回值的区别:
output和return都可在批次程式中用变量接收,而recordset则传回到执行批次的客户端中。
实例3:使用带有复杂 SELECT 语句的简单过程
下面的存储过程从四个表的联接中返回所有作者(提供了姓名)、出版的书籍以及出版社。该存储过程不使用任何参数。
USE pubs
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects
???????? WHERE name = 'au_info_all' AND type = 'P')
?? DROP PROCEDURE au_info_all
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info_all
AS
SELECT au_lname,au_fname,title,pub_name
?? FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta
????? ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t
????? ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p
????? ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id
GO
au_info_all 存储过程可以通过以下方法执行:
EXECUTE au_info_all
-- Or
EXEC au_info_all
如果该过程是批处理中的第一条语句,则可使用:
au_info_all
实例4:使用带有参数的简单过程
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info
?? @lastname varchar(40),
?? @firstname varchar(20)
AS
SELECT au_lname,pub_name
?? FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta
????? ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t
????? ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p
????? ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id
?? WHERE? au_fname = @firstname
????? AND au_lname = @lastname
GO
au_info 存储过程可以通过以下方法执行:
EXECUTE au_info 'Dull','Ann'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info @lastname = 'Dull',@firstname = 'Ann'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info @firstname = 'Ann',@lastname = 'Dull'
-- Or
EXEC au_info 'Dull','Ann'
-- Or
EXEC au_info @lastname = 'Dull',@firstname = 'Ann'
-- Or
EXEC au_info @firstname = 'Ann',@lastname = 'Dull'
如果该过程是批处理中的第一条语句,则可使用:
au_info 'Dull','Ann'
-- Or
au_info @lastname = 'Dull',@firstname = 'Ann'
-- Or
au_info @firstname = 'Ann',@lastname = 'Dull'
?
?实例5:使用带有通配符参数的简单过程
CREATE PROCEDURE au_info2
@lastname varchar(30) = 'D%',
@firstname varchar(18) = '%'
AS
SELECT au_lname,pub_name
FROM authors a INNER JOIN titleauthor ta
?? ON a.au_id = ta.au_id INNER JOIN titles t
?? ON t.title_id = ta.title_id INNER JOIN publishers p
?? ON t.pub_id = p.pub_id
WHERE au_fname LIKE @firstname
?? AND au_lname LIKE @lastname
GO
au_info2 存储过程可以用多种组合执行。下面只列出了部分组合:
EXECUTE au_info2
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info2 'Wh%'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info2 @firstname = 'A%'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info2 '[CK]ars[OE]n'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info2 'Hunter','Sheryl'
-- Or
EXECUTE au_info2 'H%','S%'
= 'proc2'
实例6:if...else
存储过程,其中@case作为执行update的选择依据,用if...else实现执行时根据传入的参数执行不同的修改.
--下面是if……else的存储过程:
if exists (select 1 from sysobjects where name = 'Student' and type ='u' )
drop table Student
go
if exists (select 1 from sysobjects where name = 'spUpdateStudent' and type ='p' )
drop proc spUpdateStudent
go
create table Student
(
fName nvarchar (10),
fAge?
smallint,
fDiqu varchar (50),
fTel? int
)
go
insert into Student values ('X.X.Y',28,'Tesing',888888)
go
create proc spUpdateStudent
(
@fCase int,
@fName nvarchar (10),
@fAge smallint,
@fDiqu varchar (50),
@fTel? int
)
as
update Student
set fAge = @fAge,-- 传 1,3 都要更新 fAge 不需要用 case
fDiqu = (case when @fCase = 2 or @fCase = 3 then @fDiqu else fDiqu end ),
fTel? = (case when @fCase = 3 then @fTel else fTel end )
where fName = @fName
select * from Student
go
-- 只改 Age
exec spUpdateStudent
@fCase = 1,
@fName = N'Update',
@fTel? = 1010101
-- 改 Age 和 Diqu
exec spUpdateStudent
@fCase = 2,
@fTel? = 1010101
-- 全改
exec spUpdateStudent
@fCase = 3,@fTel? = 1010101
(编辑:李大同)
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