golang http HandleFunc

golang http的handle模块（一般也称为钩子模块），通过高级语言的匿名函数很容易实现这种内嵌功能的handle

我们一般这样使用golang的http HandleFunc来为http的server端做相应的处理

/*********************************************/
http.HandleFunc("/",xxx_FUN)
	err:=http.ListenAndServe(":8080",nil)
	iferr!=nil{
		log.Fatal("ListenAndServe:",err)
	}
/*********************************************/

我们再深入源码仔细看看http.HandleFunc的实现

funcHandleFunc(patternstring,handlerfunc(ResponseWriter,*Request)){
	DefaultServeMux.HandleFunc(pattern,handler)
}

//NewServeMuxallocatesandreturnsanewServeMux.
varDefaultServeMux=NewServeMux()
funcNewServeMux()*ServeMux{return&ServeMux{m:make(map[string]muxEntry)}}

typeServeMuxstruct{
	musync.RWMutex//一个读写锁
	mmap[string]muxEntry//一个path(patterns)的映射map
	hostsbool//whetheranypatternscontainhostnames
}

再来看看ListenAndServe的具体实现

funcListenAndServe(addrstring,handlerHandler)error{
	server:=&Server{Addr:addr,Handler:handler}
	returnserver.ListenAndServe()
}

func(srv*Server)ListenAndServe()error{
	addr:=srv.Addr
	ifaddr==""{
		addr=":http"
	}
	ln,err:=net.Listen("tcp",addr)
	iferr!=nil{
		returnerr
	}
	returnsrv.Serve(tcpKeepAliveListener{ln.(*net.TCPListener)})
}

//ServeacceptsincomingconnectionsontheListenerl,creatinga
//newservicegoroutineforeach.Theservicegoroutinesreadrequestsand
//thencallsrv.Handlertoreplytothem.
func(srv*Server)Serve(lnet.Listener)error{
	deferl.Close()
	vartempDelaytime.Duration//howlongtosleeponacceptfailure
	for{
		rw,e:=l.Accept()
		ife!=nil{
			ifne,ok:=e.(net.Error);ok&&ne.Temporary(){
				iftempDelay==0{
					tempDelay=5*time.Millisecond
				}else{
					tempDelay*=2
				}
				ifmax:=1*time.Second;tempDelay>max{
					tempDelay=max
				}
				srv.logf("http:Accepterror:%v;retryingin%v",e,tempDelay)
				time.Sleep(tempDelay)
				continue
			}
			returne
		}
		tempDelay=0
		c,err:=srv.newConn(rw)
		iferr!=nil{
			continue
		}
		c.setState(c.rwc,StateNew)//beforeServecanreturn
		goc.serve()//看来这个c.serve是处理的入口
	}
}

看来这个c.serve是处理的入口

//Serveanewconnection.
func(c*conn)serve(){
	origConn:=c.rwc//copyitbeforeit'ssetnilonCloSEOrHijack
	deferfunc(){
		iferr:=recover();err!=nil{
			constsize=64<<10
			buf:=make([]byte,size)
			buf=buf[:runtime.Stack(buf,false)]
			c.server.logf("http:panicserving%v:%vn%s",c.remoteAddr,err,buf)
		}
		if!c.hijacked(){
			c.close()
			c.setState(origConn,StateClosed)
		}
	}()

	iftlsConn,ok:=c.rwc.(*tls.Conn);ok{
		ifd:=c.server.ReadTimeout;d!=0{
			c.rwc.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(d))
		}
		ifd:=c.server.WriteTimeout;d!=0{
			c.rwc.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(d))
		}
		iferr:=tlsConn.Handshake();err!=nil{
			c.server.logf("http:TLShandshakeerrorfrom%s:%v",c.rwc.RemoteAddr(),err)
			return
		}
		c.tlsState=new(tls.ConnectionState)
		*c.tlsState=tlsConn.ConnectionState()
		ifproto:=c.tlsState.NegotiatedProtocol;validNPN(proto){
			iffn:=c.server.TLSNextProto[proto];fn!=nil{
				h:=initNPNRequest{tlsConn,serverHandler{c.server}}
				fn(c.server,tlsConn,h)
			}
			return
		}
	}

	for{
		w,err:=c.readRequest()
		ifc.lr.N!=c.server.initialLimitedReaderSize(){
			//Ifwereadanybytesoffthewire,we'reactive.
			c.setState(c.rwc,StateActive)
		}
		iferr!=nil{
			iferr==errTooLarge{
				//TheirHTTPclientmayormaynotbe
				//abletoreadthisifwe're
				//respondingtothemandhangingup
				//whilethey'restillwritingtheir
				//request.Undefinedbehavior.
				io.WriteString(c.rwc,"HTTP/1.1413RequestEntityTooLargernrn")
				c.closeWriteAndWait()
				break
			}elseiferr==io.EOF{
				break//Don'treply
			}elseifneterr,ok:=err.(net.Error);ok&&neterr.Timeout(){
				break//Don'treply
			}
			io.WriteString(c.rwc,"HTTP/1.1400BadRequestrnrn")
			break
		}

		//Expect100Continuesupport
		req:=w.req
		ifreq.expectsContinue(){
			ifreq.ProtoAtLeast(1,1)&&req.ContentLength!=0{
				//WraptheBodyreaderwithonethatrepliesontheconnection
				req.Body=&expectContinueReader{readCloser:req.Body,resp:w}
			}
			req.Header.Del("Expect")
		}elseifreq.Header.get("Expect")!=""{
			w.sendExpectationFailed()
			break
		}

		//HTTPcannothavemultiplesimultaneousactiverequests.[*]
		//Untiltheserverrepliestothisrequest,itcan'treadanother,//sowemightaswellrunthehandlerinthisgoroutine.
		//[*]Notstrictlytrue:HTTPpipelining.Wecouldletthemallprocess
		//inparalleleveniftheirresponsesneedtobeserialized.
		serverHandler{c.server}.ServeHTTP(w,w.req)//这个是入口
		ifc.hijacked(){
			return
		}
		w.finishRequest()
		ifw.closeAfterReply{
			ifw.requestBodyLimitHit{
				c.closeWriteAndWait()
			}
			break
		}
		c.setState(c.rwc,StateIdle)
	}
}

Handler处理的入口就是serverHandler{c.server}.ServerHTTP(w,w.req)，最终到HandleFunc的执行

func(mux*ServeMux)Handler(r*Request)(hHandler,patternstring){
	ifr.Method!="CONNECT"{
		ifp:=cleanPath(r.URL.Path);p!=r.URL.Path{
			_,pattern=mux.handler(r.Host,p)//接下来处理
			url:=*r.URL
			url.Path=p
			returnRedirectHandler(url.String(),StatusMovedPermanently),pattern
		}
	}

	returnmux.handler(r.Host,r.URL.Path)//接下来处理
}

func(mux*ServeMux)handler(host,pathstring)(hHandler,patternstring){
	mux.mu.RLock()
	defermux.mu.RUnlock()

	//Host-specificpatterntakesprecedenceovergenericones
	ifmux.hosts{
		h,pattern=mux.match(host+path)
	}
	ifh==nil{
		h,pattern=mux.match(path)
	}
	ifh==nil{
		h,pattern=NotFoundHandler(),""//如果handler对应的匿名函数为空,则返回默认的匿名函数
	}
	return
}

//ServeHTTPdispatchestherequesttothehandlerwhose
//patternmostcloselymatchestherequestURL.
func(mux*ServeMux)ServeHTTP(wResponseWriter,r*Request){
	ifr.RequestURI=="*"{
		ifr.ProtoAtLeast(1,1){
			w.Header().Set("Connection","close")
		}
		w.WriteHeader(StatusBadRequest)
		return
	}
	h,_:=mux.Handler(r)//接下来处理
	h.ServeHTTP(w,r)//接下来处理
}

//接下来就初始时候执行的操作
func(mux*ServeMux)HandleFunc(patternstring,*Request)){
	mux.Handle(pattern,HandlerFunc(handler))
}
func(mux*ServeMux)Handle(patternstring,handlerHandler){//处理pattern
	mux.mu.Lock()
	defermux.mu.Unlock()

	ifpattern==""{
		panic("http:invalidpattern"+pattern)
	}
	ifhandler==nil{
		panic("http:nilhandler")
	}
	ifmux.m[pattern].explicit{
		panic("http:multipleregistrationsfor"+pattern)
	}

	mux.m[pattern]=muxEntry{explicit:true,h:handler,pattern:pattern}//设置ServeMux的map

	ifpattern[0]!='/'{
		mux.hosts=true
	}

	//Helpfulbehavior:
	//Ifpatternis/tree/,insertanimplicitpermanentredirectfor/tree.
	//Itcanbeoverriddenbyanexplicitregistration.
	n:=len(pattern)
	ifn>0&&pattern[n-1]=='/'&&!mux.m[pattern[0:n-1]].explicit{
		//Ifpatterncontainsahostname,stripitanduseremaining
		//pathforredirect.
		path:=pattern
		ifpattern[0]!='/'{
			//Inpattern,atleastthelastcharacterisa'/',so
			//strings.Indexcan'tbe-1.
			path=pattern[strings.Index(pattern,"/"):]
		}
		mux.m[pattern[0:n-1]]=muxEntry{h:RedirectHandler(path,pattern:pattern}
	}
}

最后再看看通过mux匹配获取对应的map的操作：

func(mux*ServeMux)match(pathstring)(hHandler,patternstring){
	varn=0
	fork,v:=rangemux.m{
		if!pathMatch(k,path){//匹配
			continue
		}
		ifh==nil||len(k)>n{
			n=len(k)
			h=v.h
			pattern=v.pattern
		}
	}
	return
}

（编辑：李大同）

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