Prometheus 初体验(1) - 安装

Promethus 的监控能力好像特别不错，自己来搭建一个尝试监控下 mysql 的运行情况。

1、下载安装

$ wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v1.7.1/prometheus-1.7.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ mkdir app
$ tar zxvf prometheus-1.7.1.darwin-amd64.tar.gz -C app

2、修改配置文件

$ cd app/prometheus-1.7.1
$ vim prometheus.yml

初始化的配置文件类似这样

# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

  # Attach these labels to any time series or alerts when communicating with
  # external systems (federation,remote storage,Alertmanager).
  external_labels:
      monitor: 'codelab-monitor'

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first.rules"
  # - "second.rules"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: 'prometheus'

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
      - targets: ['localhost:9090']

可以看到有一个默认的任务，这是 prometheus 在监控自己的状态。

再在下面加入两个新的任务

- job_name: 'linux'
  static_configs:
    - targets: ['127.0.0.1:9100']
      labels:
        instance: db1

其中 127.0.0.1 是我要监控的服务器的ip，这里我监控本机，后面 9100 则是 prometheus 去访问的端口（即 exporter 的端口）。

注意 yaml 文件不允许有 tab 符，一律得使用空格

2.1 编辑 systemd 脚本

以后肯定还是得用 systemd 管理进程的，所以这里附上脚本。

# /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service

[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Server
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/
After=network-online.target

[Service]
User=bot
ExecStart=/home/bot/app/prometheus/prometheus 
        -config.file=/home/bot/app/prometheus/prometheus.yml 
        -storage.local.path=/home/bot/data/prometheus

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

上面的 storage.local.path 需要创建并设置好权限。

3、启动

$ ./prometheus -config.file=./prometheus.yml
INFO[0000] Starting prometheus (version=1.7.1,branch=master,revision=3afb3fffa3a29c3de865e1172fb740442e9d0133)  source="main.go:88"
INFO[0000] Build context (go=go1.8.3,user=root@0aa1b7fc430d,date=20170612-11:44:05)  source="main.go:89"
INFO[0000] Host details (Linux 3.10.0-514.2.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Dec 6 23:06:41 UTC 2016 x86_64 l-test (none))  source="main.go:90"
INFO[0000] Loading configuration file ./prometheus.yml   source="main.go:252"
INFO[0000] Loading series map and head chunks...         source="storage.go:428"
INFO[0000] 0 series loaded.                              source="storage.go:439"
INFO[0000] Starting target manager...                    source="targetmanager.go:63"
INFO[0000] Listening on :9090                            source="web.go:259"

4、访问

接下来访问 http://prometheus_host:9090 可以看到这样的界面

在 Status -> Targets 下可以看到刚刚添加的 linux 任务，因为我并没有开 linux 任务的那个端口，所以这里显示 down。

5、监控服务器

为了监控服务器，我们需要 exporter。在这里 https://prometheus.io/download/ 可以找到 promethues 提供的各种 exporter。监控机器的是 node_exporter。

// 首先下载 exporter
$ wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v0.14.0/node_exporter-0.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf node_exporter-0.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ cd node_exporter-0.14.0.linux-amd64/
$ ls
LICENSE  node_exporter  NOTICE
$ ./node_exporter
INFO[0000] Starting node_exporter (version=0.14.0,revision=840ba5dcc71a084a3bc63cb6063003c1f94435a6)  source="node_exporter.go:140"
INFO[0000] Build context (go=go1.7.5,user=root@bb6d0678e7f3,date=20170321-12:12:54)  source="node_exporter.go:141"
INFO[0000] No directory specified,see --collector.textfile.directory  source="textfile.go:57"
INFO[0000] Enabled collectors:                           source="node_exporter.go:160"
INFO[0000]  - infiniband                                 source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - edac                                       source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - entropy                                    source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - loadavg                                    source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - mdadm                                      source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - meminfo                                    source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - netstat                                    source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - textfile                                   source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - vmstat                                     source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - diskstats                                  source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - zfs                                        source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - filefd                                     source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - filesystem                                 source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - hwmon                                      source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - netdev                                     source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - stat                                       source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - uname                                      source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - wifi                                       source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - conntrack                                  source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - time                                       source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000]  - sockstat                                   source="node_exporter.go:162"
INFO[0000] Listening on :9100                            source="node_exporter.go:186"

node exporter 监听的是 9100 端口，所以前面配置 prometheus 的时候端口写的 9100。

这个时候再去 Status -> Targets 看先前 down 的任务，已经变成 up 了。

这里也顺便附上 node exporter 的 systemd 脚本。

[Unit]
Description=Prometheus node exporter
After=local-fs.target network-online.target network.target
Wants=local-fs.target network-online.target network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/home/bot/app/prometheus_exporter/node_exporter/node_exporter
Type=simple

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

（编辑：李大同）

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