Perl的CPAN和CPANPLUS安装模块介绍

说明：

蓝色字体是终端上输出的文字；

红色字体是我们输入的指令；

先把步骤写上，免得看我下面叙述感到啰嗦：

一 CPAN

$cpan

cpan>install Tkx

???感觉安装很慢，那就配置下

capn>o conf urllist push?http://mirrors.163.com/cpan/

上面的那个镜像是国内的，国内还有其他镜像，参考http://www.voidcn.com/article/p-fjzpbiuc-bgk.html

cpan>o conf commit

得到：commit: wrote '/Users/xxxxxx/.cpan/CPAN/MyConfig.pm'

请看你自己的MyConfig.pm的路径

然后打开.pm文件，找到最后有个urllist=[...]的，

然后可以把那些网址删除，再把国内网站的添加上，保存退出，再次安装模块，再也不需要等待。。。。。

有参考：http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3610007-1-1.html

二 CPANPLUS

使用CPANPLUS的话,就能自动给依赖的模块也装好

cpan>install CPANPLUS

$cpanp

CPAN Terminal>s reconfigure

7> Select mirrors

Section to configure: [1]:7

1> Mirror

Please choose an option [1]:1

2> Asia

Pick a continent [2]:2

?1> ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk

? 2> ftp://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

? 3> ftp://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn

? 4> http://cpan.communilink.net

? 5> http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk

? 6> http://mirrors.163.com

? 7> http://mirrors.devlib.org

? 8> http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn

? 9> http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn

?10> http://mirrors.sohu.com

?11> http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

?12> http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn

?13> rsync://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

?14> rsync://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn

?15> Custom

?16> View

?17> Up

?18> Quit

Please pick a site:? :6 10 8 11

18> Quit

Please pick a site:? :18

?9> Save & exit

Section to configure: [1]:9?

安装模块

CPAN Terminal>i CSS

你没看错就是i＋模块名完成～～～～～

详情参看：http://www.php-oa.com/2010/02/04/cpanplus-per.html

如安装完成，就没必要再看下面的啰嗦：

1.CPAN

Mac os下通过CPAN安装第三方模块很方便，只需要：

xxxxxx:~ xxxxx$cpan

Terminal does not support AddHistory.

cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v2.00)

Enter 'h' for help.

cpan[1]>install [module_name]

。。。。。。。。

但这时你通常感觉安装会很慢甚至卡住一样，最后可能告诉你timeout什么的结束，反正是安装特别不爽。

当我注意到CPAN安装时资源是从国外的镜像上抓取的，参看下面的浅蓝位置：

Fetching with LWP:

http://mirrors.163.com/cpan/authors/id/R/RU/RUBYKAT/SQLite-Work-0.16.tar.gz

这里是 http://mirrors.163.com/cpan/， 是因为我设置过，通常默认的是国外网站，你可对比下

这时我想起CPAN在中国有很多的镜像网站在上面下载资源很快，那有没有方法直接从中国的镜像下下载呢，然后我就搜了下，参考了：

http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3610007-1-1.html

里面的回答，然后自己设置下：

xxxxx:~ xxxx$cpan

Terminal does not support AddHistory.

cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v2.00)

Enter 'h' for help.

cpan[1]>o conf help

Known options:

? commit? ? commit session changes to disk

? defaults? reload default config values from disk

? help? ? ? this help

? init? ? ? enter a dialog to set all or a set of parameters

Edit key values as in the following (the "o" is a literal letter o):

? o conf build_cache 15

? o conf build_dir "/foo/bar"

? o conf urllist shift

? o conf urllist unshift ftp://ftp.foo.bar/

? o conf inhibit_startup_message 1

cpan[2]>o conf urllist push http://mirrors.163.com/cpan/

Please use 'o conf commit' to make the config permanent!

cpan[3]>o conf commit

commit: wrote '/Users/xxxxxx/.cpan/CPAN/MyConfig.pm'

也看到提示了保存到了我的个人文件夹的config中

再次进入cpan，当你欣喜万千再次安装模块时，可发现还是从原来那个镜像抓取，注意到Myconfig.pm这个文件，然后通过上面提供的路径打开Myconfig.pm，找到最后几行，有个

'urllist' =>......的，会看到刚才加入的163的镜像在最后，而它是默认从第一个镜像使用的，除非前面一个镜像查不到这个模块才会轮到下一个，而这种情况又是极少见的，所以把163的网址，放到第一个就ok了，保存退出，再次安装你会看到安装信息满屏滚动你会心潮澎湃的，哈哈～～～

2.CPANPLUS

因为我曾配置过，所以显示步骤有可能有差异，请自己斟酌

xxxx:~ xxxx$cpanp

CPANPLUS::Shell::Default -- CPAN exploration and module installation (v0.9154)

*** Please report bugs to <bug-cpanplus@rt.cpan.org>.

*** Using CPANPLUS::Backend v0.9154. ?

*** ReadLine support available (try 'i Term::ReadLine::Perl').

*** Type 'p' now to show start up log

Did you know...

? ? You can run an interactive setup using 's reconfigure'

CPAN Terminal>s reconfigure

=================>? ? ? MAIN MENU ? ? ? <=================

Welcome to the CPANPLUS configuration. Please select which

parts you wish to configure

Defaults are taken from your current configuration.

If you would save now,your settings would be written to:

? ? CPANPLUS::Config::User

?? ? ? ?

? 1> Select Configuration file

? 2> Setup CLI Programs

? 3> Setup CPANPLUS Home directory

? 4> Setup FTP/Email settings

? 5> Setup basic preferences

? 6> Setup installer settings

? 7> Select mirrors

? 8> Edit configuration file

? 9> Save & exit

?10> Quit without saving

Section to configure: [1]:7

You can select VIEW to see your current selection and QUIT when you

are done.

? 1> Mirror

? 2> Custom

? 3> View

? 4> Quit

Please choose an option [1]:1

Now,we are going to fetch the mirror list for first-time configurations.

This may take a while...

? 1> Africa

? 2> Asia

? 3> Europe

? 4> North America

? 5> Oceania

? 6> South America

? 7> Custom

? 8> Up

? 9> Quit

Pick a continent [2]:2

You can enter multiple sites by separating them by a space.

For example:

? ? 1 4 2 5

?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? 1> ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk

? 2> ftp://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

? 3> ftp://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn

? 4> http://cpan.communilink.net

? 5> http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk

? 6> http://mirrors.163.com

? 7> http://mirrors.devlib.org

? 8> http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn

? 9> http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn

?10> http://mirrors.sohu.com

?11> http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

?12> http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn

?13> rsync://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

?14> rsync://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn

?15> Custom

?16> View

?17> Up

?18> Quit

Please pick a site:? :6 10 8 11

Selected http://mirrors.163.com? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0 hosts selected thus far.

Selected http://mirrors.sohu.com ? ? ? ? ? ? 0 hosts selected thus far.

Selected http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn? ? ? ? ? 0 hosts selected thus far.

Selected http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn? ? ? ? ? 0 hosts selected thus far.

You can enter multiple sites by separating them by a space.

For example:

? ? 1 4 2 5

?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? 1> ftp://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk

? 2> ftp://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

? 3> ftp://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn

? 4> http://cpan.communilink.net

? 5> http://ftp.cuhk.edu.hk

? 6> http://mirrors.163.com

? 7> http://mirrors.devlib.org

? 8> http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn

? 9> http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn

?10> http://mirrors.sohu.com

?11> http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

?12> http://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn

?13> rsync://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

?14> rsync://mirrors.xmu.edu.cn

?15> Custom

?16> View

?17> Up

?18> Quit

Please pick a site:? :18

Your host configuration has been saved

=================>? ? ? MAIN MENU ? ? ? <=================

Welcome to the CPANPLUS configuration. Please select which

parts you wish to configure

Defaults are taken from your current configuration.

If you would save now,your settings would be written to:

? ? CPANPLUS::Config::User

?? ? ? ?

? 1> Select Configuration file

? 2> Setup CLI Programs

? 3> Setup CPANPLUS Home directory

? 4> Setup FTP/Email settings

? 5> Setup basic preferences

? 6> Setup installer settings

? 7> Select mirrors

? 8> Edit configuration file

? 9> Save & exit

?10> Quit without saving

Section to configure: [1]:9?

Quitting setup,changes are saved to 'CPANPLUS::Config::User'

CPANPLUS 使用

1. CPANPLUS 中安装模块,按i:

?2. CPANPLUS 中删除模块,按u:

3. CPANPLUS 中查找模块,按m:

4. CPANPLUS 中查找作者的模块,按a:

?5. CPANPLUS 中更新所有有新版本的模块,按下o:

6. 没事也可以更新 CPANPLUS 自己:

?还有很多小功能,以后可能会用这个换掉CPANPLUS本身

可以按e来加入目录到@INC,可以按x来更新index.