在Perl中读取CSV文件

但是,这可能是这个问题更容易的部分.一旦您阅读并验证了该行已完成,您需要将相关信息添加到正确键入的哈希值.你可能也必须非常熟悉引用.

您可以创建由分支键入的哈希％BranchData.该哈希的每个元素都是对作业键入的哈希的引用;并且其中的每个元素都是对由timePeriod键入的哈希的引用,并且其中的每个元素都将引用由日期数字键入的数组(使用索引1..7;它稍微分配空间,但是获得的机会很多它的权利要大得多;不要乱用$[虽然！).并且数组的每个元素都是对由三个句点类型键入的哈希的引用.哎哟!

如果一切运行良好,原型分配可能是这样的：

$BranchData{$row{branch}}->{$row{job}}->{$row{period}}->[1]->{$row{p_type}} +=
    $row{day1};

你将迭代元素1..7和’day1′..’day7′;那里有一些清理工作的设计工作.

你必须担心正确地初始化东西(或者你可能没有–Perl会为你做这件事).我假设该行作为直接哈希(而不是哈希引用)返回,包含分支,作业,句点,句点类型(p_type)和每天(‘day1′,..’day7’)的键.

如果你事先知道你需要哪一天,你可以避免累积所有的日子,但它可以使更通用的报告更容易阅读和累积所有数据,然后简单地打印处理整个数据的任何子集需要处理.

这是一个很有趣的问题,我把这段代码整合在一起.我怀疑它是否是最佳的,但确实有效.

#!/usr/bin/env perl
#
# SO 8570488

use strict;
use warnings;
use Text::CSV;
use Data::Dumper;
use constant debug => 0;

my $file = "input.csv";
my $csv = Text::CSV->new({ binary => 1,eol => $/ })
                   or die "Cannot use CSV: ".Text::CSV->error_diag();
my @headings = qw( branch job period p_type day1 day2 day3 day4 day5 day6 day7 );
my @days     = qw( day0 day1 day2 day3 day4 day5 day6 day7 );
my %BranchData;

open my $in,'<',$file or die "Unable to open $file for reading ($!)";

$csv->column_names(@headings);
while (my $row = $csv->getline_hr($in))
{
    print Dumper($row) if debug;
    my %r = %$row;  # Not for efficiency; for notational compactness
    $BranchData{$r{branch}} = { } if !defined $BranchData{$r{branch}};
    my $branch = $BranchData{$r{branch}};
    $branch->{$r{job}} = { } if !defined $branch->{$r{job}};
    my $job = $branch->{$r{job}};
    $job->{$r{period}} = [ ] if !defined $job->{$r{period}};
    my $period = $job->{$r{period}};
    for my $day (1..7)
    {
        # Assume that Overtime,Regular and Variance are the only types
        # Otherwise,you need yet another level of checking whether elements exist...
        $period->[$day] = { Overtime => 0,Regular => 0,Variance => 0} if !defined $period->[$day];
        $period->[$day]->{$r{p_type}} += $r{$days[$day]};
    }
}

print Dumper(%BranchData);

根据您的示例数据,此输出为：

$VAR1 = {
    'West' => {
        'Electrician' => {
            '12PM-5PM' => [
                undef,{
                    'Regular'  => '4.25','Overtime' => 0,'Variance' => 0
                },{
                    'Regular'  => 0,{
                    'Regular'  => '-1.25',{
                    'Regular'  => '-1.5','Variance' => 0
                }
            ]
        }
    },'South' => {
        'Manager' => {
            '12A-9AM' => [
                undef,'Overtime' => '77.75','Overtime' => '14.75','Overtime' => 10,'North' => {
        'Janitor' => {
            '5PM-12AM' => [
                undef,'Variance' => '-4.25'
                },'Variance' => '-1.25'
                },'Variance' => '-1.5'
                },'East' => {
        'Banker' => {
            '9AM-12PM' => [
                undef,'Overtime' => '4.25','Overtime' => '1.25','Overtime' => '1.5','Variance' => 0
                }
            ]
        }
    }
};

从这里开心吧！