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在django1.6中,默认的加密方式是pbkdf_sha256,具体算法不表,一直以来用django的自带用户验证都十分顺手,今天有需求,需要修改默认加密方式为md5,具体方法为:
在settings.py中加入
PASSWORD_HASHERS=(
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- )
'myproject.hashers.MyMD5PasswordHasher','django.contrib.auth.hashers.MD5PasswordHasher','django.contrib.auth.hashers.PBKDF2PasswordHasher','django.contrib.auth.hashers.PBKDF2SHA1PasswordHasher','django.contrib.auth.hashers.BCryptSHA256PasswordHasher','django.contrib.auth.hashers.BCryptPasswordHasher','django.contrib.auth.hashers.SHA1PasswordHasher','django.contrib.auth.hashers.CryptPasswordHasher',)</pre>
django会默认使用第一条加密方式。
这个是我自定义的加密方式,就是基本的md5,而django的MD5PasswordHasher是加盐的。
以下是我的自定义hashers.py:
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django.contrib.auth.hashersBasePasswordHasher,MD5PasswordHasher
- django.contrib.auth.hashersmask_hash
- hashlib
- MyMD5PasswordHasher(MD5PasswordHasher):
- algorithm=
- encode(,password,salt):
- password
- hash=hashlib.md5(password).hexdigest().upper()
- hash
- verify(,encoded):
- encoded_2=.encode(password,)
- encoded.upper()==encoded_2.upper()
- safe_summary(,encoded):
- OrderedDict([
- (_(),algorithm),
- (_(),),
- (_(),mask_hash(hash)),
- ])
class MyMD5PasswordHasher(MD5PasswordHasher):
algorithm = "mymd5"
def encode(self,salt):
assert password is not None
hash = hashlib.md5(password).hexdigest().upper()
return hash
def verify(self,encoded):
encoded_2 = self.encode(password,'')
return encoded.upper() == encoded_2.upper()
def safe_summary(self,encoded):
return OrderedDict([
(_('algorithm'),(_('salt'),''),(_('hash'),])
之后可以在数据库中看到,密码确实使用了自定义的加密方式。
然而仅仅修改这些,在配合django的authenticate验证时无法进行。
经过一些查找,发现需要在自定义authenticate。以下为方法:
在settings.py中加入以下:
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AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS=(
- ,
- )
以下代码为自定义的mybackend.py
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hashlib
- promodels
- MyBackend(object):
- authenticate(,username=,password=):
- :
- user=models.M_User.objects.get(username=username)
- user
- Exception:
- hashlib.md5(password).hexdigest().upper()==user.password:
- user
- get_user(,user_id):
- :
- models.M_User.objects.get(id=user_id)
- Exception:
class MyBackend(object):
def authenticate(self,username=None,password=None):
try:
user = models.M_User.objects.get(username=username)
print user
except Exception:
print 'no user'
return None
if hashlib.md5(password).hexdigest().upper() == user.password:
return user
return None
def get_user(self,user_id):
try:
return models.M_User.objects.get(id=user_id)
except Exception:
return None
之后验证成功。
当然经过这些修改后最终的安全性比起django自带的降低很多,但是需求就是这样的,必须满足。
完成需求的过程中查找了不少资料,最后还是在django文档中找到的答案,文档还是很全全面的,以后通读还是感觉有必要的。
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<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444; font-family: Simsun;"> 首先,引入模块:
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<td id="copy3502" class="copyclass" style="color: #000000; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 10px;" colspan="2" valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" height="auto">
<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word;">
from django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_password,check_password
<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word;">
生成密码:
make_password("www.111cn.net",None,'pbkdf2_sha256')
u'pbkdf2_sha256$12000$H6HRZD4DDiKg$RXBGBTiFWADyw+J9O7114vxKvysBVP+lz7oSYxkoic0='
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444; font-family: Simsun;">
这样就可以利用django自带的模块生成一组密码了,这个函数还有一个特点在于每次生成的密码还不一样:
<table style="color: #444444; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; background: #ffbb77; width: 620px;" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="center">
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<tr>
<td id="copy3089" class="copyclass" style="color: #000000; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 10px;" colspan="2" valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" height="auto">
<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word;">
make_password("www.111cn.net",'pbkdf2_sha256')
u'pbkdf2_sha256$12000$H6HRZD4DDiKg$RXBGBTiFWADyw+J9O7114vxKvysBVP+lz7oSYxkoic0='
make_password("www.111cn.net",'pbkdf2_sha256')
u'pbkdf2_sha256$12000$9l09rJd9MbQj$0tJVXBZFN6WwD/qI3WELdrRWOU7Inb7im3uB/np2PPg='
make_password("www.111cn.net",'pbkdf2_sha256') == make_password("www.111cn.net",
'pbkdf2_sha256')
False
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444; font-family: Simsun;">
既然每次生成的密文都不一样,如何验证用户提交过来的明文与密文匹配呢?这就靠check_password去做了,check_password使用非常简单,只需要告诉它明文和密文它就会返回False or True验证结果
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</tr>
<tr>
<td id="copy9726" class="copyclass" style="color: #000000; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 10px;" colspan="2" valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" height="auto">
<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word;">
text = "www.111cn.net"
passwd = make_password(text,'pbkdf2_sha256')
print passwd
pbkdf2_sha256$12000$xzMLhCNvQbb8$i1XDnJIpb/cRRGRX2x7Ym74RNfPRCUp5pbU6Sn+V3J0=
print check_password(text,passwd)
True
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</table>
<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444; font-family: Simsun;">
如果你不想每次都生成不同的密文,可以把make_password的第二个函数给一个固定的字符串,比如:
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</tr>
<tr>
<td id="copy2782" class="copyclass" style="color: #000000; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 10px;" colspan="2" valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" height="auto">
make_password(text,"a",'pbkdf2_sha256')
u'pbkdf2_sha256$12000$a$5HkIPczRZGSTKUBa5uzZmRuAWdp2Qe6Oemhdasvzv4Q='
make_password(text,'pbkdf2_sha256')
u'pbkdf2_sha256$12000$a$5HkIPczRZGSTKUBa5uzZmRuAWdp2Qe6Oemhdasvzv4Q='</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444; font-family: Simsun;">
只要是任意字符串就可以,并且可以多个。但不能为空,如:
<table style="color: #444444; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; background: #ffbb77; width: 620px;" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="center">
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="copy3223" class="copyclass" style="color: #000000; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 10px;" colspan="2" valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" height="auto">
<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word;">
make_password(text,"",'pbkdf2_sha256')
u'pbkdf2_sha256$12000$KBcG81bWMAvd$aJNgfTOGFhOGogLSTE2goEM3ifKZZ1hydsuFEqnzHXU='
make_password(text,'pbkdf2_sha256')
u'pbkdf2_sha256$12000$fNv3YU4kgyLR$1FI8mxArDHt6Hj/eR72YCylGTAkW7YMWTj+wV4VHygY='
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444; font-family: Simsun;">
为空的字符串就相当于:
1
<table style="color: #444444; font-family: Simsun; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; background: #ffbb77; width: 620px;" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="center">
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="copy1264" class="copyclass" style="color: #000000; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 10px;" colspan="2" valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" height="auto">
make_password(text,'pbkdf2_sha256')</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444; font-family: Simsun;">
至于make_password第三个参数是表示生成密文的一种方式,根据文档给出的大概有这几种:
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</tr>
<tr>
<td id="copy6708" class="copyclass" style="color: #000000; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 10px;" colspan="2" valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" height="auto">
<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word;">
pbkdf2_sha256
pbkdf2_sha1
bcrypt_sha256
bcrypt
sha1
unsalted_md5
crypt
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 8px; padding-bottom: 8px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px; word-wrap: break-word; color: #444444; font-family: Simsun;">
以上例子我使用了第一种加密方式pbkdf2_sha256,crypt和bcrypt都需要另外单独安装模块,unsalted_md5就是常见的md5加密,如果对加密哈希算法不是很了解,那么就使用django最新的哈希算法pbkdf2_sha256就好
(编辑:李大同)
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