DRF 解析器和渲染器

发布时间：2020-12-15 17:17:59 所属栏目：大数据来源：网络整理

导读：一，DRF 解析器根据请求头 content-type 选择对应的解析器就请求体内容进行处理。 1. 仅处理请求头content-type为application/json的请求体 django.conf.urls web.views.s5_parser urlpatterns =span style="color: #000000;" [ url(r span style="color: #

一，DRF 解析器

根据请求头 content-type 选择对应的解析器就请求体内容进行处理。

1. 仅处理请求头content-type为application/json的请求体

django.conf.urls web.views.s5_parser urlpatterns = [
url(r'test/',TestView.as_view(),name='test'),]

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;def</span> post(self,request,*args,**<span style="color: #000000;"&gt;kwargs):
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;print</span><span style="color: #000000;"&gt;(request.content_type)

    </span><span style="color: #008000;"&gt;#</span><span style="color: #008000;"&gt; 获取请求的值，并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;print</span><span style="color: #000000;"&gt;(request.data)

    </span><span style="color: #008000;"&gt;#</span><span style="color: #008000;"&gt; application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时，request.POST中才有值</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;print</span><span style="color: #000000;"&gt;(request.POST)
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;print</span><span style="color: #000000;"&gt;(request.FILES)

    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;return</span> Response(<span style="color: #800000;"&gt;'</span><span style="color: #800000;"&gt;POST请求，响应内容</span><span style="color: #800000;"&gt;'</span><span style="color: #000000;"&gt;)

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;def</span> put(self,**<span style="color: #000000;"&gt;kwargs):
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;return</span> Response(<span style="color: #800000;"&gt;'</span><span style="color: #800000;"&gt;PUT请求，响应内容</span><span style="color: #800000;"&gt;'</span>)</pre>

?2.?仅处理请求头content-type为application/x-www-form-urlencoded?的请求体

django.conf.urls web.views urlpatterns = [
url(r'test/',]

 rest_framework.views  rest_framework.response  rest_framework.request  rest_framework.parsers <span style="color: #0000ff;">class<span style="color: #000000;"> TestView(APIView):

parser_classes =<span style="color: #000000;"> [FormParser,**<span style="color: #000000;">kwargs):

<span style="color: #0000ff;">return Response(<span style="color: #800000;">'<span style="color: #800000;">PUT请求，响应内容<span style="color: #800000;">')

3.?仅处理请求头content-type为multipart/form-data的请求体

django.conf.urls

rest_framework.views rest_framework.response rest_framework.request rest_framework.parsers class TestView(APIView):
parser_classes = [MultiPartParser,**kwargs):
print(request.content_type)

    </span><span style="color: #008000;"&gt;#</span><span style="color: #008000;"&gt; 获取请求的值，并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;print</span><span style="color: #000000;"&gt;(request.data)
    </span><span style="color: #008000;"&gt;#</span><span style="color: #008000;"&gt; application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时，request.POST中才有值</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;print</span><span style="color: #000000;"&gt;(request.POST)
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;print</span><span style="color: #000000;"&gt;(request.FILES)
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;return</span> Response(<span style="color: #800000;"&gt;'</span><span style="color: #800000;"&gt;POST请求，响应内容</span><span style="color: #800000;"&gt;'</span><span style="color: #000000;"&gt;)

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;def</span> put(self,**<span style="color: #000000;"&gt;kwargs):
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;return</span> Response(<span style="color: #800000;"&gt;'</span><span style="color: #800000;"&gt;PUT请求，响应内容</span><span style="color: #800000;"&gt;'</span>)</pre>

Title

<span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;<</span><span style="color: #800000;"&gt;input </span><span style="color: #ff0000;"&gt;type</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;="submit"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"&gt; value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;="提交"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;></span>

</form>
</body>
</html>

4. 仅上传文件

django.conf.urls web.views urlpatterns = [
url(r'test/(?P[^/]+)',]

rest_framework.views rest_framework.response rest_framework.request rest_framework.parsers class TestView(APIView):
parser_classes = [FileUploadParser,filename,**kwargs):
print(filename)
print(request.content_type)

    </span><span style="color: #008000;"&gt;#</span><span style="color: #008000;"&gt; 获取请求的值，并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;print</span><span style="color: #000000;"&gt;(request.data)
    </span><span style="color: #008000;"&gt;#</span><span style="color: #008000;"&gt; application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时，request.POST中才有值</span>
    <span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;print</span><span style="color: #000000;"&gt;(request.POST)
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;print</span><span style="color: #000000;"&gt;(request.FILES)
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;return</span> Response(<span style="color: #800000;"&gt;'</span><span style="color: #800000;"&gt;POST请求，响应内容</span><span style="color: #800000;"&gt;'</span><span style="color: #000000;"&gt;)

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;def</span> put(self,**<span style="color: #000000;"&gt;kwargs):
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;return</span> Response(<span style="color: #800000;"&gt;'</span><span style="color: #800000;"&gt;PUT请求，响应内容</span><span style="color: #800000;"&gt;'</span>)</pre>

Title

<span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;<</span><span style="color: #800000;"&gt;input </span><span style="color: #ff0000;"&gt;type</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;="submit"</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"&gt; value</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;="提交"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;></span>

5. 同时多个Parser

当同时使用多个parser时，rest framework会根据请求头content-type自动进行比对，并使用对应parser

django.conf.urls

rest_framework.views rest_framework.response rest_framework.request rest_framework.parsers class TestView(APIView):
parser_classes = [JSONParser,MultiPartParser,**kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

6. 全局使用

REST_FRAMEWORK = }

django.conf.urls

rest_framework.views rest_framework.response class TestView(APIView):
def post(self,**kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

注意: 个别特殊的值可以通过Django的request对象request._request来进行获取

二，DRF 渲染器

根据用户请求URL 或用户可接受的类型，筛选出合适的渲染组件。用户请求URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=json
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.json

用户请求头：

Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8

1. json

访问URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=json
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.json
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?

django.conf.urls web.views urlpatterns = [
url(r'^test/$',s11_render.TestView.as_view()),url(r'^test.(?P[a-z0-9]+)',]

rest_framework.views rest_framework.response rest_framework from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer

from .. import models

class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.UserInfo
fields = "all"

class TestView(APIView):
renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer,]

</span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;def</span> get(self,**<span style="color: #000000;"&gt;kwargs):
    user_list </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"&gt; models.UserInfo.objects.all()
    ser </span>= TestSerializer(instance=user_list,many=<span style="color: #000000;"&gt;True)
    </span><span style="color: #0000ff;"&gt;return</span> Response(ser.data)</pre>

2. 表格

访问URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=admin
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.admin
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?

from .. import models

class TestView(APIView):
renderer_classes = [AdminRenderer,many=True)
return Response(ser.data)

3. Form表单

访问URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=form
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.form
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?

rest_framework.views rest_framework.response rest_framework from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
from rest_framework.renderers import AdminRenderer
from rest_framework.renderers import HTMLFormRenderer

from .. import models

class TestView(APIView):
renderer_classes = [HTMLFormRenderer,**kwargs):
user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first()
ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list,many=False)
return Response(ser.data)

4. 自定义显示模板

访问URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=html
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.html
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?

django.conf.urls

rest_framework.views rest_framework.response rest_framework rest_framework.renderers from .. import models

class TestView(APIView):
renderer_classes = [TemplateHTMLRenderer,many=False)
return Response(ser.data,template_name='user_detail.html')

Title

5. 浏览器格式API+JSON

访问URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=api
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.api
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?

from .. import models

class CustomBrowsableAPIRenderer(BrowsableAPIRenderer):
def get_default_renderer(self,view):
return JSONRenderer()

class TestView(APIView):
renderer_classes = [CustomBrowsableAPIRenderer,template_name='user_detail.html')

注意：如果同时多个存在时，自动根据URL后缀来选择渲染器。

（编辑：李大同）

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