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本篇章节讲解Laravel框架生命周期与原理。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
引言：
如果你对一件工具的使用原理了如指掌，那么你在用这件工具的时候会充满信心！
正文：
一旦用户（浏览器）发送了一个HTTP请求，我们的apache或者nginx一般都转到index.php，因此，之后的一系列步骤都是从index.php开始的，我们先来看一看这个文件代码。
make(IlluminateContractsHttpKernel::class);
$response = $kernel->handle(
$request = IlluminateHttpRequest::capture()
);
$response->send();
$kernel->terminate($request,$response);
作者在注释里谈了kernel的作用，kernel的作用，kernel处理来访的请求，并且发送相应返回给用户浏览器。
这里又涉及到了一个app对象，所以附上app对象，所以附上app对象的源码，这份源码是
singleton(
IlluminateContractsHttpKernel::class,AppHttpKernel::class
);
$app->singleton(
IlluminateContractsConsoleKernel::class,AppConsoleKernel::class
);
$app->singleton(
IlluminateContractsDebugExceptionHandler::class,AppExceptionsHandler::class
);
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Return The Application
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| This script returns the application instance. The instance is given to
| the calling script so we can separate the building of the instances
| from the actual running of the application and sending responses.
|
*/
return $app;
请看app变量是
setBasePath($basePath);
}
$this->registerBaseBindings();
$this->registerBaseServiceProviders();
$this->registerCoreContainerAliases();
}
构造器做了3件事，前两件事很好理解，创建Container，注册了ServiceProvider，看代码
instance('app',$this);
$this->instance(Container::class,$this);
}
/**
* Register all of the base service providers.
*
* @return void
*/
protected function registerBaseServiceProviders()
{
$this->register(new EventServiceProvider($this));
$this->register(new LogServiceProvider($this));
$this->register(new RoutingServiceProvider($this));
}
最后一件事，是做了个很大的数组，定义了大量的别名，侧面体现程序员是聪明的懒人。
[IlluminateFoundationApplication::class,IlluminateContractsContainerContainer::class,IlluminateContractsFoundationApplication::class],'auth' => [IlluminateAuthAuthManager::class,IlluminateContractsAuthFactory::class],'auth.driver' => [IlluminateContractsAuthGuard::class],'blade.compiler' => [IlluminateViewCompilersBladeCompiler::class],'cache' => [IlluminateCacheCacheManager::class,IlluminateContractsCacheFactory::class],'cache.store' => [IlluminateCacheRepository::class,IlluminateContractsCacheRepository::class],'config' => [IlluminateConfigRepository::class,IlluminateContractsConfigRepository::class],'cookie' => [IlluminateCookieCookieJar::class,IlluminateContractsCookieFactory::class,IlluminateContractsCookieQueueingFactory::class],'encrypter' => [IlluminateEncryptionEncrypter::class,IlluminateContractsEncryptionEncrypter::class],'db' => [IlluminateDatabaseDatabaseManager::class],'db.connection' => [IlluminateDatabaseConnection::class,IlluminateDatabaseConnectionInterface::class],'events' => [IlluminateEventsDispatcher::class,IlluminateContractsEventsDispatcher::class],'files' => [IlluminateFilesystemFilesystem::class],'filesystem' => [IlluminateFilesystemFilesystemManager::class,IlluminateContractsFilesystemFactory::class],'filesystem.disk' => [IlluminateContractsFilesystemFilesystem::class],'filesystem.cloud' => [IlluminateContractsFilesystemCloud::class],'hash' => [IlluminateContractsHashingHasher::class],'translator' => [IlluminateTranslationTranslator::class,IlluminateContractsTranslationTranslator::class],'log' => [IlluminateLogWriter::class,IlluminateContractsLoggingLog::class,PsrLogLoggerInterface::class],'mailer' => [IlluminateMailMailer::class,IlluminateContractsMailMailer::class,IlluminateContractsMailMailQueue::class],'auth.password' => [IlluminateAuthPasswordsPasswordBrokerManager::class,IlluminateContractsAuthPasswordBrokerFactory::class],'auth.password.broker' => [IlluminateAuthPasswordsPasswordBroker::class,IlluminateContractsAuthPasswordBroker::class],'queue' => [IlluminateQueueQueueManager::class,IlluminateContractsQueueFactory::class,IlluminateContractsQueueMonitor::class],'queue.connection' => [IlluminateContractsQueueQueue::class],'queue.failer' => [IlluminateQueueFailedFailedJobProviderInterface::class],'redirect' => [IlluminateRoutingRedirector::class],'redis' => [IlluminateRedisRedisManager::class,IlluminateContractsRedisFactory::class],'request' => [IlluminateHttpRequest::class,SymfonyComponentHttpFoundationRequest::class],'router' => [IlluminateRoutingRouter::class,IlluminateContractsRoutingRegistrar::class,IlluminateContractsRoutingBindingRegistrar::class],'session' => [IlluminateSessionSessionManager::class],'session.store' => [IlluminateSessionStore::class,IlluminateContractsSessionSession::class],'url' => [IlluminateRoutingUrlGenerator::class,IlluminateContractsRoutingUrlGenerator::class],'validator' => [IlluminateValidationFactory::class,IlluminateContractsValidationFactory::class],'view' => [IlluminateViewFactory::class,IlluminateContractsViewFactory::class],];
foreach ($aliases as $key => $aliases) {
foreach ($aliases as $alias) {
$this->alias($key,$alias);
}
}
}
这里出现了一个instance函数，其实这并不是Application类的函数，而是Application类的父类Container类的函数
removeAbstractAlias($abstract);
unset($this->aliases[$abstract]);
// We'll check to determine if this type has been bound before,and if it has
// we will fire the rebound callbacks registered with the container and it
// can be updated with consuming classes that have gotten resolved here.
$this->instances[$abstract] = $instance;
if ($this->bound($abstract)) {
$this->rebound($abstract);
}
}
Application是Container的子类，所以$app不仅是Application类的对象，还是Container的对象，所以，新出现的
$app对象声明了3个单例模型对象，分别是
大家有没有发现，index.php中也有一个$kernel变量，但是只保存了make出来的HttpKernel变量，因此本文不再讨论，ConsoleKernel，ExceptionHandler。。。
继续在文件夹下找到
[
AppHttpMiddlewareEncryptCookies::class,IlluminateCookieMiddlewareAddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class,IlluminateSessionMiddlewareStartSession::class,IlluminateViewMiddlewareShareErrorsFromSession::class,AppHttpMiddlewareVerifyCsrfToken::class,],'api' => [
'throttle:60,1',];
/**
* The application's route middleware.
*
* These middleware may be assigned to groups or used individually.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $routeMiddleware = [
'auth' => AppHttpMiddlewareAuthenticate::class,'auth.basic' => IlluminateAuthMiddlewareAuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,'guest' => AppHttpMiddlewareRedirectIfAuthenticated::class,'throttle' => IlluminateRoutingMiddlewareThrottleRequests::class,'mymiddleware'=>AppHttpMiddlewareMyMiddleware::class,];
}
一目了然，HttpKernel里定义了中间件数组。
该做的做完了，就开始了请求到响应的过程，见index.php
handle(
$request = IlluminateHttpRequest::capture()
);
$response->send();
最后在中止，释放所有资源。
terminateMiddleware($request,$response);
$this->app->terminate();
}
总结一下，简单归纳整个过程就是：
1.index.php加载
2.使用app这个对象，创建1个单例模式的对象HttpKernel，在创建HttpKernel时调用了构造函数，完成了中间件的声明。
3.以上这些工作都是在请求来访之前完成的，接下来开始等待请求，然后就是：
更多关于Laravel相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题：《》、《》、《》、《》及《》
希望本文所述对大家基于Laravel框架的PHP程序设计有所帮助。 （编辑：李大同）
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