Hadoop编程基于MR程序实现倒排索引示例
相信接触过搜索引擎开发的同学对倒排索引并不陌生,谷歌、百度等搜索引擎都是用的倒排索引,关于倒排索引的有关知识,这里就不再深入讲解,有兴趣的同学到网上了解一下。这篇博文就带着大家一起学习下如何利用Hadoop的MR程序来实现倒排索引的功能。 一、数据准备 1、输入文件数据 这里我们准备三个输入文件,分别如下所示 a.txt hello tom hello jerry hello tom b.txt hello jerry hello jerry tom jerry c.txt hello jerry hello tom 2、最终输出文件数据 最终输出文件的结果为: [plain] view plain copy hello c.txt-->2 b.txt-->2 a.txt-->3 jerry c.txt-->1 b.txt-->3 a.txt-->1 tom c.txt-->1 b.txt-->1 a.txt-->2 二、倒排索引过程分析 根据输入文件数据和最终的输出文件结果可知,此程序需要利用两个MR实现,具体流程可总结归纳如下: -------------第一步Mapper的输出结果格式如下:-------------------- context.wirte("hello->a.txt","1") context.wirte("hello->a.txt","1") context.wirte("hello->b.txt","1") context.wirte("hello->c.txt","1") -------------第一步Reducer的得到的输入数据格式如下:------------- <"hello->a.txt",{1,1,1}> <"hello->b.txt",1}> <"hello->c.txt",1}> -------------第一步Reducer的输出数据格式如下--------------------- context.write("hello->a.txt","3") context.write("hello->b.txt","2") context.write("hello->c.txt","2") -------------第二步Mapper得到的输入数据格式如下:----------------- context.write("hello->a.txt","2") -------------第二步Mapper输出的数据格式如下:-------------------- context.write("hello","a.txt->3") context.write("hello","b.txt->2") context.write("hello","c.txt->2") -------------第二步Reducer得到的输入数据格式如下:----------------- <"hello",{"a.txt->3","b.txt->2","c.txt->2"}> -------------第二步Reducer输出的数据格式如下:----------------- context.write("hello","a.txt->3 b.txt->2 c.txt->2") 最终结果为: hello a.txt->3 b.txt->2 c.txt->2 三、程序开发 3.1、第一步MR程序与输入输出 package com.lyz.hdfs.mr.ii; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils; import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path; import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileSplit; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat; /** * 倒排索引第一步Map Reduce程序,此处程序将所有的Map/Reduce/Runner程序放在一个类中 * @author liuyazhuang * */ public class InverseIndexStepOne { /** * 完成倒排索引第一步的mapper程序 * @author liuyazhuang * */ public static class StepOneMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable,Text,LongWritable>{ @Override protected void map(LongWritable key,Text value,Mapper<LongWritable,LongWritable>.Context context) throws IOException,InterruptedException { //获取一行数据 String line = value.toString(); //切分出每个单词 String[] fields = StringUtils.split(line," "); //获取数据的切片信息 FileSplit fileSplit = (FileSplit) context.getInputSplit(); //根据切片信息获取文件名称 String fileName = fileSplit.getPath().getName(); for(String field : fields){ context.write(new Text(field + "-->" + fileName),new LongWritable(1)); } } } /** * 完成倒排索引第一步的Reducer程序 * 最终输出结果为: * hello-->a.txt 3 hello-->b.txt 2 hello-->c.txt 2 jerry-->a.txt 1 jerry-->b.txt 3 jerry-->c.txt 1 tom-->a.txt 2 tom-->b.txt 1 tom-->c.txt 1 * @author liuyazhuang * */ public static class StepOneReducer extends Reducer<Text,LongWritable,LongWritable>{ @Override protected void reduce(Text key,Iterable<LongWritable> values,Reducer<Text,LongWritable>.Context context) throws IOException,InterruptedException { long counter = 0; for(LongWritable value : values){ counter += value.get(); } context.write(key,new LongWritable(counter)); } } //运行第一步的MR程序 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ Configuration conf = new Configuration(); Job job = Job.getInstance(conf); job.setJarByClass(InverseIndexStepOne.class); job.setMapperClass(StepOneMapper.class); job.setReducerClass(StepOneReducer.class); job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class); job.setMapOutputValueClass(LongWritable.class); job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class); job.setOutputValueClass(LongWritable.class); FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job,new Path("D:/hadoop_data/ii")); FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job,new Path("D:/hadoop_data/ii/result")); job.waitForCompletion(true); } } 3.1.1 输入数据 a.txt hello tom hello jerry hello tom b.txt hello jerry hello jerry tom jerry c.txt hello jerry hello tom 3.1.2 输出结果: hello-->a.txt 3 hello-->b.txt 2 hello-->c.txt 2 jerry-->a.txt 1 jerry-->b.txt 3 jerry-->c.txt 1 tom-->a.txt 2 tom-->b.txt 1 tom-->c.txt 1 3.2 第二步MR程序与输入输出 package com.lyz.hdfs.mr.ii; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils; import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path; import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat; import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat; /** * 倒排索引第二步Map Reduce程序,此处程序将所有的Map/Reduce/Runner程序放在一个类中 * @author liuyazhuang * */ public class InverseIndexStepTwo { /** * 完成倒排索引第二步的mapper程序 * * 从第一步MR程序中得到的输入信息为: * hello-->a.txt 3 hello-->b.txt 2 hello-->c.txt 2 jerry-->a.txt 1 jerry-->b.txt 3 jerry-->c.txt 1 tom-->a.txt 2 tom-->b.txt 1 tom-->c.txt 1 * @author liuyazhuang * */ public static class StepTwoMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable,Text>{ @Override protected void map(LongWritable key,Text>.Context context) throws IOException,InterruptedException { String line = value.toString(); String[] fields = StringUtils.split(line,"t"); String[] wordAndFileName = StringUtils.split(fields[0],"-->"); String word = wordAndFileName[0]; String fileName = wordAndFileName[1]; long counter = Long.parseLong(fields[1]); context.write(new Text(word),new Text(fileName + "-->" + counter)); } } /** * 完成倒排索引第二步的Reducer程序 * 得到的输入信息格式为: * <"hello","c.txt->2"}>,* 最终输出结果如下: * hello c.txt-->2 b.txt-->2 a.txt-->3 jerry c.txt-->1 b.txt-->3 a.txt-->1 tom c.txt-->1 b.txt-->1 a.txt-->2 * @author liuyazhuang * */ public static class StepTwoReducer extends Reducer<Text,Text>{ @Override protected void reduce(Text key,Iterable<Text> values,InterruptedException { String result = ""; for(Text value : values){ result += value + " "; } context.write(key,new Text(result)); } } //运行第一步的MR程序 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ Configuration conf = new Configuration(); Job job = Job.getInstance(conf); job.setJarByClass(InverseIndexStepTwo.class); job.setMapperClass(StepTwoMapper.class); job.setReducerClass(StepTwoReducer.class); job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class); job.setMapOutputValueClass(Text.class); job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class); job.setOutputValueClass(Text.class); FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job,new Path("D:/hadoop_data/ii/result/part-r-00000")); FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job,new Path("D:/hadoop_data/ii/result/final")); job.waitForCompletion(true); } } 3.2.1 输入数据 hello-->a.txt 3 hello-->b.txt 2 hello-->c.txt 2 jerry-->a.txt 1 jerry-->b.txt 3 jerry-->c.txt 1 tom-->a.txt 2 tom-->b.txt 1 tom-->c.txt 1 3.2.2 输出结果 hello c.txt-->2 b.txt-->2 a.txt-->3 jerry c.txt-->1 b.txt-->3 a.txt-->1 tom c.txt-->1 b.txt-->1 a.txt-->2 总结 以上就是本文关于Hadoop编程基于MR程序实现倒排索引示例的全部内容,希望对大家有所帮助。感兴趣的朋友可以继续参阅本站:Hadoop对文本文件的快速全局排序实现方法及分析、hadoop重新格式化HDFS步骤解析、浅谈七种常见的Hadoop和Spark项目案例等,有什么问题可以直接留言,小编会及时回复大家的。感谢朋友们对本站的支持! 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