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linux命令中man是一个很重要的命令，man的全称是manual，即手册。
基本用法： man + 命令。
例如，想知道pwd的用法，只要键入man pwd即可。
其效果如下：
root@itnetcn:~# man pwd
PWD(1) User Commands PWD(1)
//注意括号中的数字
NAME //关于命令的名次和说明
pwd - print name of current/working directory
SYNOPSIS //命令的几本语法
pwd [OPTION]
DESCRIPTION //详细描述语法参数的使用方法
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of pwd,which usually super-
sedes the version described here. Please refer to your shell's docu-
mentation for details about the options it supports.
AUTHOR //作者信息
Written by Jim Meyering.
REPORTING BUGS //作者的联系方式
Report bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org.
COPYRIGHT //版权声明
Copyright (C) 2008 Free Software Foundation,Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU
GPL version 3 or later http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY,to the extent permitted by law.
SEE ALSO //详细文件可以从哪里查询到
getcwd(3)
The full documentation for pwd is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If
the info and pwd programs are properly installed at your site,the com-
mand
info pwd
should give you access to the complete manual.
GNU coreutils 6.9.92.4-f088d-dirtJanuary 2008 PWD(1)
~
Manual page pwd(1) line 1/48 (END)
上下键表示上下翻，空格键翻页，q键退出。
注意PWD(1)，这个括号里面1可是大有文章的，下面的表格解释了各种数字代表的含义。
代号 代表內容
1 使用者可以在shell中执行的命令
2 系统核心可呼叫的函数与工具等
3 一些常用的函数(function)函数库(library)
4 设备文件的说明
5 配置文件或者是某些文件的格式
6 游戏文件
7 与协议有关等，例如 Linux 文件系统、 ASCII code 说明等
8 系統管理員可用的管理指令
9 跟 kernel 有关的文件
表格中的代码可以使用man 7 man详细查看，维护中一般注意1，5，8三个代码几本就可以了。
仔细看，man其实分为很多个区域的，有一个相对固定的格式，每个区域固定显示什么内容，就像老师说写论文有一个固定的格式是一个道理。
以下是每个区域的含义：
代号 内容说明
NAME 简短的指令、资料名称说明
SYNOPSIS 简短的指令下达语法(syntax)简介
DESCRIPTION 较为完整的说明，这部分最好仔细看看！
OPTIONS 针对 SYNOPSIS 部分中，有列举的所有可用的参数说明
COMMANDS 当这个程式(软体)在执行的时候，可以在此程式(软体)中下达的指令
FILES 这个程式或资料所使用或参考或连结到的某些档案
SEE ALSO 可以参考的，跟这个指令或资料有相关的其他说明！
EXAMPLE 一些可以参考的范例
BUGS 是否有相关的臭虫！
通常在查看man page的时候都需要搜索一些特定的字符串或参数，或者使用快捷键快速跳转到主要查看的区域，这时就要使用到常用的快捷键了，有些用快是通用的，例>如/string表示搜索string字符串等，这些用法可以记住。
man可以使用的一些快捷键。
按键 进行工作
空白键 向下翻一页
[Page Down] 向下翻一页
[Page Up] 向上翻一页
[Home] 去到第一页
[End] 去到最后一页
向上键 向上滚一行
向下键 向下滚一行
/string 向『下』搜寻 string 这个字串，如果要搜寻 www.itnetcn.com 的话，就输入 /www.itnetcn.com
?string 向『上』搜寻 string 这个字串，如果要搜寻 www.itnetcn.com 的话，就输入 /www.itnetcn.com
n,N 利用 / 或 ? 来搜寻字串时，可以用 n 来继续下一个搜寻 (不论是 / 或 ?) ，可以利用 N 来进行『反向』搜寻。举例来说，我以 /www.itnetcn.com 搜寻 www.itnetcn.com 字串， 那麼可以 n 继续往下查询，用 N 往上查询。若以 ?www.itnetcn.com 向上查询 www.itnetcn.com 字串， 那我可以用 n 继续『向上』查询，用 N 反向查询。
q 结束这次的 man page
man有两个比较重要的参数
-f ：获取与该查询命令有关的命令
-k：在系统的说明文件中，只要含有查询关键字的就将该说明列出来很多哦
例子，man命令查看pwd用法。
root@itnetcn:~# man -f pwd
pwd (1) - print name of current/working directory
root@itnetcn:~# man -f man
man (1) - an interface to the on-line reference manuals
man (7) - macros to format man pages
root@itnetcn:~# man -k man
HEAD (1p) - Simple command line user agent
accessdb (8) - dumps the content of a man-db database in a human readable format.
apropos (1) - search the manual page names and descriptions
apt-cache (8) - APT package handling utility - cache manipulator
apt-cdrom (8) - APT CDROM management utility
apt-get (8) - APT package handling utility - command-line interface
apt-key (8) - APT key management utility
arp (8) - manipulate the system ARP cache
bash-builtins (7) - bash built-in commands,see bash(1)
blkid (8) - command-line utility to locate/print block device attributes
blockdev (8) - call block device ioctls from the command line
builtins (7) - bash built-in commands,see bash(1)
c++filt (1) - Demangle C++ and Java symbols.
catman (8) - create or update the pre-formatted manual pages
cfdisk (8) - Curses/slang based disk partition table manipulator for Linux
chroot (8) - run command or interactive shell with special root directory
chrt (1) - manipulate real-time attributes of a process
compress-dummy (1) - manual page for compress-dummy - sharutils 4.6.3
corelist (1) - a commandline frontend to Module::CoreList
cpan (1) - easily interact with CPAN from the command line
cron (8) - daemon to execute scheduled commands (Vixie Cron)
db4.6_printlog (1) - Dumps Berkeley DB log files in a human-readable format
DBI::Profile (3pm) - Performance profiling and benchmarking for the DBI
DBI::ProfileData (3pm) - manipulate DBI::ProfileDumper data dumps
dbiprof (1p) - command-line client for DBI::ProfileData
dbmmanage (1) - Manage user authentication files in DBM format
defoma (1) - Debian Font Manager,a framework for automatic font configuration.
defoma-app (1) - configure a specific application about fonts registered in Debian Font Manager.
defoma-font (1) - register/unregister font(s) to Debian Font Manager
defoma-id (1) - Manage id-cache of Debian Font Manager
defoma-user (1) - Debian Font Manager for users
dhparam (1ssl) - DH parameter manipulation and generation
dotlockfile (1) - Utility to manage lockfiles
dpkg (1) - package manager for Debian
dpkg-deb (1) - Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool
dsaparam (1ssl) - DSA parameter manipulation and generation
dselect (1) - Debian package management frontend
ecparam (1ssl) - EC parameter manipulation and generation
fdisk (8) - Partition table manipulator for Linux
find2perl (1) - translate find command lines to Perl code
flock (1) - Manage locks from shell scripts
GET (1p) - Simple command line user agent
getopt (1) - parse command options (enhanced)
groff_man (7) - groff `man' macros to support generation of man pages
groffer (1) - display groff files and man pages on X and tty
grog (1) - guess options for groff command
hman (1) - browse the on-line manual pages
hosts.equiv (5) - list of hosts and users that are granted "trusted"r command access to your system
htdbm (1) - Manipulate DBM password databases
htdigest (1) - manage user files for digest authentication
htpasswd (1) - Manage user files for basic authentication
initscript (5) - script that executes inittab commands.
intro (1) - Introduction to user commands
intro (8) - Introduction to administration and privileged commands
ip (8) - show / manipulate routing,devices,policy routing and tunnels
lexgrog (1) - parse header information in man pages
logger (1) - a shell command interface to the syslog(3) system log module
logsave (8) - save the output of a command in a logfile
lprng_certs (1) - lprng SSL certificate management
lprng_index_certs (1) - lprng SSL certificate management
lwp-request (1p) - Simple command line user agent
LWP::ConnCache (3pm) - Connection cache manager
lwres_buffer (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_add (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_back (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_clear (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_first (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_forward (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_getmem (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_getuint16 (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_getuint32 (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_getuint8 (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_init (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_invalidate (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_putmem (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_putuint16 (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_putuint32 (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_putuint8 (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_buffer_subtract (3) - lightweight resolver buffer management
lwres_context (3) - lightweight resolver context management
lwres_context_allocmem (3) - lightweight resolver context management
lwres_context_create (3) - lightweight resolver context management
lwres_context_destroy (3) - lightweight resolver context management
lwres_context_freemem (3) - lightweight resolver context management
lwres_context_initserial (3) - lightweight resolver context management
lwres_context_nextserial (3) - lightweight resolver context management
lwres_context_sendrecv (3) - lightweight resolver context management
magic (5) - file command's magic pattern file
Mail::Field (3pm) - Base class for manipulation of mail header fields
Mail::Header (3pm) - manipulate MIME headers
Mail::Internet (3pm) - manipulate email messages
man (1) - an interface to the on-line reference manuals
man (7) - macros to format man pages
man-pages (7) - conventions for writing Linux man pages
man2html (1) - format a manual page in html
manconv (1) - convert manual page from one encoding to another
mandb (8) - create or update the manual page index caches
manpath (1) - determine search path for manual pages
manpath (5) - format of the /etc/manpath.config file
mii-tool (8) - view,manipulate media-independent interface status
MIME::Parser::Filer (3pm) - manage file-output of the parser
missing (7) - missing manual pages
mkmanifest (1) - makes list of file names and their DOS 8+3 equivalent
moduli (5) - Diffie Hellman moduli
nohup (1) - run a command immune to hangups,with output to a non-tty
nroff (1) - emulate nroff command with groff
odbcinst (1) - command line tool for batch ODBC configuration
omshell (1) - OMAPI Command Shell
openssl (1ssl) - OpenSSL command line tool
pam_exec (8) - PAM module which calls an external command
pod2man (1) - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
POST (1p) - Simple command line user agent
prove (1) - - A command-line tool for running tests against Test::Harness
qtool (8) - manipulate sendmail queues
rarp (8) - manipulate the system RARP table
route (8) - show / manipulate the IP routing table
runcon (1) - run command with specified security context
s_time (1ssl) - SSL/TLS performance timing program
screen (1) - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation
sfdisk (8) - Partition table manipulator for Linux
sg (1) - execute command as different group ID
snmpbulkwalk (1) - retrieve a subtree of management values using SNMP GETBULK requests
snmpcmd (1) - options and behaviour common to most of the Net-SNMP command-line tools
snmpinform (1) - sends an SNMP notification to a manager
snmpstatus (1) - retrieves a fixed set of management information from a network entity
snmptrap (1) - sends an SNMP notification to a manager
snmpwalk (1) - retrieve a subtree of management values using SNMP GETNEXT requests
speed (1ssl) - test library performance
ssh-argv0 (1) - replaces the old ssh command-name as hostname handling
ssh-keygen (1) - authentication key generation,management and conversion
sudo (8) - execute a command as another user
sudoedit (8) - execute a command as another user
tc (8) - show / manipulate traffic control settings
tcsh (1) - C shell with file name completion and command line editing
tempfile (1) - create a temporary file in a safe manner
Time::Zone (3pm) - - miscellaneous timezone manipulations routines
undocumented (7) - No manpage for this program,utility or function.
update-alternatives (8) - maintain symbolic links determining default commands
update-modules (8) - obsolete command
whatis (1) - display manual page descriptions
whereis (1) - locate the binary,source,and manual page files for a command
which (1) - locate a command
xargs (1) - build and execute command lines from standard input
xqmstats (8) - Display XFS quota manager statistics from /proc
root@itnetcn:~#
其实linux上这两个参数是有替代命令的，那就是whatis和apropos
whatis是man -f的替代命令
apropos是man -k的替代命令
用法：
root@itnetcn:~# man -f man
man (1) - an interface to the on-line reference manuals
man (7) - macros to format man pages
root@itnetcn:~# whatis man
man (1) - an interface to the on-line reference manuals
man (7) - macros to format man pages
root@itnetcn:~# man -k pwd
pwd (1) - print name of current/working directory
pwdx (1) - report current working directory of a process
unix_chkpwd (8) - Helper binary that verifies the password of the current user
root@itnetcn:~# apropos pwd
pwd (1) - print name of current/working directory
pwdx (1) - report current working directory of a process
unix_chkpwd (8) - Helper binary that verifies the password of the current user
root@itnetcn:~#
（编辑：李大同）
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