AJAX - 前台传JSON到后台

【1】contentType默认为application/x-www-form-urlencoded的情况

var url = "person.action";
var jsonStr = {"name":'ji',"age":20};//object类型
var jsonArrayFinal = JSON.stringify(jsonStr);//string类型

jQuery.ajax({
                type: "post",//put delete get post
                url: url,//dataType : 'json',
/* 预期服务器返回的数据类型 xml html script json jsonp text ; 如果不指定，则服务器根据返回数据类型自行判断 */

                async:true,//默认异步
                data : {mydata:jsonArrayFinal},//或{'mydata':jsonArrayFinal}

/* 要么使用  对json进行手动转译，要么使用JSON.stringify(jsonStr) 将其转换为字符串类型； 如果不进行转译，使用【2】中的后台接收方法，那么不会报异常，但是获取不到数据。 data : {mydata:jsonStr},//报空指针异常，传不过去 */

                contentType:"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",//默认值
                success: function(data,textStatus){
                    alert(data);
                    alert("操作成功");
                },error: function(xhr,status,errMsg){
                    alert("操作失败!");
                }
                });

后台接收方法：
使用jacksonJSON框架-Jackson
http://www.52php.cn/article/p-srlkffym-bpe.html

public String getJson(){

        String jsonStr = getRequest().getParameter("mydata");
        System.out.println(jsonStr);

         ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
         try {
            Person person1 = objectMapper.readValue(jsonStr,Person.class);
            System.out.println(person1);
            out(jsonStr);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
         return null;
    }

result as follows :

F12查看浏览器控制台：

Remote Address:127.0.0.1:8080
Request URL:http://localhost:8080/JavaSE-JS/person.action
Request Method:POST
Status Code:200 OK
Response Headers//Response Headers
view source
Content-Type:text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date:Wed,18 Jan 2017 01:31:02 GMT
Server:Apache-Coyote/1.1
Transfer-Encoding:chunked
Request Headers//Request Headers
view source
Accept:*/*
Accept-Encoding:gzip,deflate
Accept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8
Connection:keep-alive
Content-Length:51
//contentType
Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
Cookie:JSESSIONID=E7D60D8B9B3E1958B7077CE26E4EE75A
Host:localhost:8080
Origin:http://localhost:8080
Referer:http://localhost:8080/JavaSE-JS/testAjax1.jsp
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML,like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36
X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequest
Form Data//表单数据
view source
view URL encoded
mydata:{"name":"ji","age":20}

可以看到，此时请求头，contentType为默认值；发送数据在Form Data

【2】contentType默认非application/x-www-form-urlencoded的情况

比如，contentType:"application/json;charset=utf-8",

此时，若使用例子一中的后台接收方法，是接收不到数据的。具体原因请看；post请求参数data的不同形式
http://www.52php.cn/article/p-hryvouxt-bpe.html

jQuery.ajax({
                type: "post",//put delete get post
                url: url,//              dataType : 'json',//预期服务器返回的数据类型 xml html script  json jsonp  text 

                async:true,//默认异步
                contentType:"application/json;charset=utf-8",//              data : jsonArrayFinal,//{"name":"ji","age":20}

                data : {mydata:jsonArrayFinal},//mydata={"name":"ji","age":20}---进行了url编码mydata=%7B%22name%22%3A%22ji%22%2C%22age%22%3A20%7D

//              data : jsonStr,//参数：name=ji&age=20

//              data : {mydata:jsonStr},//mydata[name]=ji&mydata[age]=20-进行了编码-mydata%5Bname%5D=ji&mydata%5Bage%5D=20
                success: function(data,textStatus){
                    alert(data);
                    alert("操作成功");
                },error: function(xhr,errMsg){
                    alert("操作失败!");
                }
                });

后台接收方法：

//contentType 非 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    public String getRequestPayload() throws IOException {  

        HttpServletRequest req = getRequest();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();  
        try(BufferedReader reader = req.getReader();) {  
             char[]buff = new char[1024];  
             int len;  
             while((len = reader.read(buff)) != -1) {  
                      sb.append(buff,0,len);  
             }  
        }catch (IOException e) {  
                 e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
        String sb2 = URLDecoder.decode(sb.toString(),"UTF-8");
        /* * 解码前：mydata=%7B%22name%22%3A%22ji%22%2C%22age%22%3A20%7D * 解码后：mydata={"name":"ji","age":20} */
        out(sb2); 
        System.out.println(sb2);
        return null;
    }

第一种情况：data : jsonStr,，后台获取值name=ji&age=20；
第二种情况：data : {mydata:jsonStr},，后台获取值

进行了URL编码：mydata%5Bname%5D=ji&mydata%5Bage%5D=20
解码后：mydata[name]=ji&mydata[age]=20

第三种情况：data : jsonArrayFinal,，后台获取值{"name":"ji","age":20}；
第四种情况：data : {mydata:jsonArrayFinal},，后台获取值

进行了URL编码：mydata=%7B%22name%22%3A%22ji%22%2C%22age%22%3A20%7D

解码后：mydata={"name":"ji","age":20}

F12查看浏览器控制台：

Remote Address:127.0.0.1:8080
Request URL:http://localhost:8080/JavaSE-JS/person2.action
Request Method:POST
Status Code:200 OK
Response Headers
view source
Content-Type:text/html;charset=UTF-8
Date:Wed,18 Jan 2017 01:43:03 GMT
Server:Apache-Coyote/1.1
Transfer-Encoding:chunked
Request Headers
view source
Accept:*/*
Accept-Encoding:gzip,zh;q=0.8
Connection:keep-alive
Content-Length:22
//Content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8
Content-Type:application/json;charset=UTF-8
Cookie:JSESSIONID=E7D60D8B9B3E1958B7077CE26E4EE75A
Host:localhost:8080
Origin:http://localhost:8080
Referer:http://localhost:8080/JavaSE-JS/testAjax1.jsp
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML,like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36
X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequest
Request Payload//此时，数据在这里 ！
view source
{name: "ji",age: 20}
age: 20
name: "ji"

【3】Tips

• 若使用默认contentType，则data请使用key：value形式，且如果value为json，进行转译；

• 若使用自定义contentType(如application/json)，则data如果使用value形式，转译与否看后台接收方法；如果使用key:value形式，后台要进行URL解码！

• 若使用自定义contentType,第一种后台方法是获取不到数据的，请使用第二种后台接收方法；

• 上面json是手动拼接，也可以可以直接获取json如下：

var jsonStr = $('#editform').serializeArray();//JSON Object
jsonStr = JSON.stringify(queryString);//JSON string

（编辑：李大同）

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