swfobject 转载

发布时间：2020-12-15 17:35:54 所属栏目：百科来源：网络整理

导读：What is SWFObject? SWFObject 2: Offers two optimized Flash Player embed methods; a markup based approach and a method that relies on JavaScript Offers a JavaScript API that aims to provide a complete tool set for embedding SWF files and re

What is SWFObject?

SWFObject 2:

Offers two optimized Flash Player embed methods; a markup based approach and a method that relies on JavaScript
Offers a JavaScript API that aims to provide a complete tool set for embedding SWF files and retrieving Flash Player related information
Utilizes only one small JavaScript file (10Kb / GZIPed: 3.9Kb)
Is the successor of SWFObject 1.5, UFO and the Adobe Flash Player Detection Kit
Intends to unify all existing Flash Player embed methods and provide a new standard for embedding Adobe Flash Player content

Why should you use SWFObject?

SWFObject 2:

Is more optimized and flexible than any other Flash Player embed method around
Offers one solution for everybody: It shouldn't matter if you are an HTML,Flash,or JavaScript developer,there should be something in it for everyone
Breaks the cycle of being locked into vendor specific markup and promotes the use of web standards and alternative content
Uses unobtrusive JavaScript and JavaScript best practices
Is easy to use

The A List Apart article Flash Embedding Cage Match describes the full rationale behind SWFObject 2.

Why does SWFObject use JavaScript?

SWFObject 2 primarily uses JavaScript to overcome issues that cannot be solved by markup alone; it:

Detects the Flash Player version and determines whether Flash content or alternative content should be shown,to avoid that outdated Flash plug-ins break Flash content
Offers functionality to revert to alternative content in case of an outdated plug-in by means of a DOM manipulation (Note: if no Flash plug-in is installed the HTML object element automatically falls back to its nested alternative content)
Offers the option to use Adobe Express Install to download the latest Flash Player
Offers a JavaScript API to perform common Flash Player and Flash content related tasks

Should I use the static or dynamic publishing method?

SWFObject 2 offers two distinct methods to embed Flash Player content:

The static publishing method embeds both Flash content and alternative content using standards compliant markup,and uses JavaScript to resolve the issues that markup alone cannot solve
The dynamic publishing method is based on marked up alternative content and uses JavaScript to replace this content with Flash content if the minimal Flash Player version is installed and enough JavaScript support is available (similar like previous versions of SWFObject and UFO)

The advantages of the static publishing method are:

The actual authoring of standards compliant markup is promoted
Best embed performance
The mechanism of embedding Flash content does not rely on a scripting language,so your Flash content can reach a significant bigger audience:
- If you have the Flash plug-in installed,but have JavaScript disabled or a use a browser that doesn't support JavaScript,you will still be able to see your Flash content
- Flash will now also run on a device like Sony PSP,which has very poor JavaScript support
- Automated tools like RSS readers are able to pick up Flash content

The advantages of the dynamic publishing method are:

It integrates very well with scripted applications and enables the use of dynamic variables (flashvars)
It avoids click-to-activate mechanisms to activate active content in Internet Explorer 6/7 and Opera 9+. Please note that Microsoft has phased out most active content from its Internet Explorer browsers

How to embed Flash Player content using SWFObject static publishing

STEP 1: Embed both Flash content and alternative content using standards compliant markup

SWFObject's base markup uses the nested-objects method (with proprietary Internet Explorer conditional comments. See Flash Embedding Cage Match) to ensure the most optimal cross-browser support by means of markup only,while being standards compliant and supporting alternative content (See Flash Embed Test Suite):

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
? <head>
? ? <title>SWFObject - step 1</title>
? ? <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
? </head>
? <body>
? ? <div>

? ? ? <object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" width="780" height="420">
? ? ? ? <param name="movie" value="myContent.swf" />
? ? ? ? <!--[if !IE]>-->
? ? ? ? <object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="myContent.swf" width="780" height="420">
? ? ? ? <!--<![endif]-->
? ? ? ? ? <p>Alternative content</p>
? ? ? ? <!--[if !IE]>-->
? ? ? ? </object>
? ? ? ? <!--<![endif]-->
? ? ? </object>

? ? </div>
? </body>
</html>

NOTE: The nested-objects method requires a double object definition (the outer object targeting Internet Explorer and the inner object targeting all other browsers),so you need to define your object attributes and nested param elements twice.

Required attributes:

classid (outer object element only,value is always clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000)
type (inner object element only,value is always application/x-shockwave-flash)
data (inner object element only,defines the URL of a SWF)
width (both object elements,defines the width of a SWF)
height (both object elements,defines the height of a SWF)

Required param element:

movie (outer object element only,defines the URL of a SWF)

NOTE: We advise not to use the codebase attribute to point to the URL of the Flash plugin installer on Adobe's servers,because this is illegal according to the specifications which restrict its access to the domain of the current document only. We recommend the use of alternative content with a subtle message that a user can have a richer experience by downloading the Flash plugin instead.

How can you use HTML to configure your Flash content?

You can add the following often-used optional attributes to the object element:

id
name
class
align

You can use the following optional Flash specific param elements (more info):

play
loop
menu
quality
scale
salign
wmode
bgcolor
base
swliveconnect
flashvars
devicefont (more info)
allowscriptaccess (more info here and here)
seamlesstabbing (more info)
allowfullscreen (more info)
allownetworking (more info)

Why should you use alternative content?

The object element allows you to nest alternative content inside of it,which will be displayed if Flash is not installed or supported. This content will also be picked up by search engines,making it a great tool for creating search-engine-friendly content. Summarizing,you should use alternative content when you like to create content that is accessible for people who browse the Web without plugins,create search-engine-friendly content or tell visitors that they can have a richer user experience by downloading the Flash plug-in.

STEP 2: Include the SWFObject JavaScript library in the head of your HTML page

The SWFObject library consists of one external JavaScript file. SWFObject will be executed as soon as it is read and will perform all DOM manipulations as soon as the DOM is loaded - for all browsers that support this,like IE,Firefox,Safari and Opera 9+ - or otherwise as soon as the onload event fires:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
? <head>
? ? <title>SWFObject - step 2</title>
? ? <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />

? ? <script type="text/javascript" src="swfobject.js"></script>

? </head>
? <body>
? ? <div>
? ? ? <object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" width="780" height="420">
? ? ? ? <param name="movie" value="myContent.swf" />
? ? ? ? <!--[if !IE]>-->
? ? ? ? <object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="myContent.swf" width="780" height="420">
? ? ? ? <!--<![endif]-->
? ? ? ? ? <p>Alternative content</p>
? ? ? ? <!--[if !IE]>-->
? ? ? ? </object>
? ? ? ? <!--<![endif]-->
? ? ? </object>
? ? </div>
? </body>
</html>

STEP 3: Register your Flash content with the SWFObject library and tell SWFObject what to do with it

First add a unique id to the outer object tag that defines your Flash content. Second add the swfobject.registerObject method:

The first argument (String,required) specifies the id used in the markup.
The second argument (String,required) specifies the Flash player version your content is published for. It activates the Flash version detection for a SWF to determine whether to show Flash content or force alternative content by doing a DOM manipulation. While Flash version numbers normally consist of major.minor.release.build,SWFObject only looks at the first 3 numbers,so both "WIN 9,18,0" (IE) or "Shockwave Flash 9 r18" (all other browsers) will translate to "9.0.18". If you only want to test for a major version you can omit the minor and release numbers,like "9" instead of "9.0.0".
The third argument (String,optional) can be used to activate Adobe express install and specifies the URL of your express install SWF file. Express install displays a standardized Flash plugin download dialog instead of your Flash content when the required plugin version is not available. A default expressInstall.swf file is packaged with the project. It also contains the corresponding expressInstall.fla and AS files (in the SRC directory) to let you create your own custom express install experience. Please note that express install will only fire once (the first time that it is invoked),that it is only supported by Flash Player 6.0.65 or higher on Win or Mac platforms,and that it requires a minimal SWF size of 310x137px.

The fourth argument (JavaScript function,optional) can be used to define a callback function that is called on both success or failure of creating a Flash plug-in <object> on the page (see API documentation)

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
? <head>
? ? <title>SWFObject - step 3</title>
? ? <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
? ? <script type="text/javascript" src="swfobject.js"></script>

? ? <script type="text/javascript">
? ? swfobject.registerObject("myId", "9.0.115", "expressInstall.swf");
? ? </script>

? </head>
? <body>
? ? <div>

? ? ? <object id="myId" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" width="780" height="420">

? ? ? ? <param name="movie" value="myContent.swf" />
? ? ? ? <!--[if !IE]>-->
? ? ? ? <object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="myContent.swf" width="780" height="420">
? ? ? ? <!--<![endif]-->
? ? ? ? ? <p>Alternative content</p>
? ? ? ? <!--[if !IE]>-->
? ? ? ? </object>
? ? ? ? <!--<![endif]-->
? ? ? </object>
? ? </div>
? </body>
</html>

TIPS

Use the SWFObject HTML and JavaScript generator to help you author your code
Just repeat steps 1 and 3 to embed multiple SWF files into one HTML page
The easiest way to reference the active object element is by using the JavaScript API: `swfobject.getObjectById(objectIdStr)

How to embed Flash Player content using SWFObject dynamic publishing

STEP 1: Create alternative content using standards compliant markup

SWFObject's dynamic embed method follows the principle of progressive enhancement and replaces alternative HTML content for Flash content when enough JavaScript and Flash plug-in support is available. First define your alternative content and label it with an id:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
? <head>
? ? <title>SWFObject dynamic embed - step 1</title>
? ? <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
? </head>
? <body>
? ? 
? ? <div id="myContent">
? ? ? <p>Alternative content</p>
? ? </div>
? ? 
? </body>
</html>

STEP 2: Include the SWFObject JavaScript library in the head of your HTML page

The SWFObject library consists of one external JavaScript file. SWFObject will be executed as soon as it is read and will perform all DOM manipulations as soon as the DOM is loaded - for all browsers that support this,Safari and Opera 9+ - or otherwise as soon as the onload event fires:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
? <head>
? ? <title>SWFObject dynamic embed - step 2</title>
? ? <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
? 
? ? <script type="text/javascript" src="swfobject.js"></script>

? </head>
? <body>
? ? <div id="myContent">
? ? ? <p>Alternative content</p>
? ? </div>
? </body>
</html>

STEP 3: Embed your SWF with JavaScript

swfobject.embedSWF(swfUrl,id,width,height,version,expressInstallSwfurl,flashvars,params,attributes,callbackFn) has five required and five optional arguments:

swfUrl (String,required) specifies the URL of your SWF
id (String,required) specifies the id of the HTML element (containing your alternative content) you would like to have replaced by your Flash content
width (String,required) specifies the width of your SWF
height (String,required) specifies the height of your SWF
version (String,required) specifies the Flash player version your SWF is published for (format is: "major.minor.release" or "major")
expressInstallSwfurl (String,optional) specifies the URL of your express install SWF and activates Adobe express install. Please note that express install will only fire once (the first time that it is invoked),and that it requires a minimal SWF size of 310x137px.
flashvars (Object,optional) specifies your flashvars with name:value pairs
params (Object,optional) specifies your nested object element params with name:value pairs
attributes (Object,optional) specifies your object's attributes with name:value pairs
callbackFn (JavaScript function,optional) can be used to define a callback function that is called on both success or failure of creating a Flash plug-in <object> on the page (see API documentation)

NOTE: You can omit the optional parameters,as long as you don't break the parameter order. If you don't want to use an optional parameter,but would like to use a following optional parameter,you can simply pass false as its value. For the flashvars,params and attributes JavaScript Objects,you can also pass an empty object instead: {}.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
? <head>
? ? <title>SWFObject dynamic embed - step 3</title>
? ? <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
? ? <script type="text/javascript" src="swfobject.js"></script>
? ? 
? ? <script type="text/javascript">
? ? swfobject.embedSWF("myContent.swf", "myContent", "300", "120", "9.0.0");
? ? </script>

? </head>
? <body>
? ? <div id="myContent">
? ? ? <p>Alternative content</p>
? ? </div>
? </body>
</html>

How can you configure your Flash content?

You can add the following often-used optional attributes to the object element:

id (NOTE: when undefined,the object element automatically inherits the id from the alternative content container element)
align
name
styleclass (see note about class)
class

Note: class is a reserved ECMA4 keyword and will throw errors in Internet Explorer unless it is surrounded by quotation marks (e.g. "class" or 'class'). For this reason,swfobject provides the styleclass keyword as a safe alternative syntax for class; if you use styleclass,swfobject will automatically insert it as class for you.

Example:

var attributes = {
? ?id: "myId",
? ?align: "left",
? ?styleclass: "myclass"
};

If you would rather use class instead of styleclass,wrap the word class in quotes like this:

var attributes = {
? ?id: "myId",
? ?"class": "myclass"
};

You can use the following optional Flash specific param elements (more info):

play
loop
menu
quality
scale
salign
wmode
bgcolor
base
swliveconnect
flashvars
devicefont (more info)
allowscriptaccess (more info here and here)
seamlesstabbing (more info)
allowfullscreen (more info)
allownetworking (more info)

How do you use JavaScript Objects to define your flashvars,params and object's attributes?

You can best define JavaScript Objects using the Object literal notation,which looks like:

<script type="text/javascript">

var flashvars = {};
var params = {};
var attributes = {};

swfobject.embedSWF("myContent.swf", "9.0.0","expressInstall.swf", flashvars, params, attributes);

</script>

You can add your name:value pairs while you define an object (note: please make sure not to put a comma behind the last name:value pair inside an object)

<script type="text/javascript">

var flashvars = {
? name1: "hello",
? name2: "world",
? name3: "foobar"
};
var params = {
? menu: "false"
};
var attributes = {
? id: "myDynamicContent",
? name: "myDynamicContent"
};

swfobject.embedSWF("myContent.swf", attributes);

</script>

Or add properties and values after its creation by using a dot notation:

<script type="text/javascript">

var flashvars = {};
flashvars.name1 = "hello";
flashvars.name2 = "world";
flashvars.name3 = "foobar";

var params = {};
params.menu = "false";

var attributes = {};
attributes.id = "myDynamicContent";
attributes.name = "myDynamicContent";

swfobject.embedSWF("myContent.swf", attributes);

</script>

Which can also be written as (the less readable shorthand version for the die-hard scripter who love one-liners):

<script type="text/javascript">

swfobject.embedSWF("myContent.swf", {name1:"hello",name2:"world",name3:"foobar"}, {menu:"false"}, {id:"myDynamicContent",name:"myDynamicContent"});

</script>

If you don't want to use an optional argument you can define it as false or as an empty Object (NOTE: from SWFObject 2.1 onwards you can also use null or 0):

<script type="text/javascript">

var flashvars = false;
var params = {};
var attributes = {
? id: "myDynamicContent", attributes);

</script>

The flashvars Object is a shorthand notation that is there for your ease of use. You could potentially ignore it and specify your flashvars via the params Object:

<script type="text/javascript">

var flashvars = false;
var params = {
? menu: "false",
? flashvars: "name1=hello&name2=world&name3=foobar"
};
var attributes = {
? id: "myDynamicContent", attributes);

</script>

TIPS

Use the SWFObject HTML and JavaScript generator to help you author your code
Just repeat steps 1 and 3 to embed multiple SWF files into one HTML page

SWFObject 1.5 to SWFObject 2 migration tips

SWFObject 2 is NOT backwards compatible with SWFObject 1.5
It is now preferred to insert all script blocks in the head of your HTML page. Adding your scripts in the body of your page may have visual impact (e.g. flashes of replaced alternative content),because your JavaScript code will be executed in a later stage (the exact impact depends on your implementation)
The library itself is now written in lowercase: swfobject instead of SWFObject
Methods can only be accessed via the library (instead via a SWFObject instance in SWFObject 1.5)
The JavaScript API is entirely different and more elaborate
SWFObject 2 replaces your entire alternative HTML content block,including the referenced HTML container element,for Flash content when enough JavaScript and Flash support is available,while SWFObject 1.5 only replaces the content inside the referenced HTML container. When you don't specify an id attribute,the object element will automatically inherit the id of the HTML container element of your alternative content.

UFO to SWFObject 2 migration tips

SWFObject 2 replaces your entire alternative HTML content block,while UFO only replaces the content inside the referenced HTML container. When you don't specify an id attribute,the object element will automatically inherit the id of the HTML container element of your alternative content.
UFO's setcontainercss feature has not been incorporated in SWFObject 2,however it can easily be replicated by using the SWFObject JavaScript API,see: swfobject.createCSS(selStr,declStr)

Does SWFObject 2 support MIME type application/xhtml+xml?

SWFObject 2 does NOT support XML MIME types,which is a design decision.

There are a number of reasons why we are not supporting this:

Only a very small (non-significant) amount of web authors is using it
We are unsure if it is the direction to go. Internet Explorer does not support it and all other major browser vendors are aiming their arrows at a new standard way of HTML parsing (with HTML 5),which departs from the current W3C vision of parsing HTML as XML
We save a considerate amount of file size and effort (testing,issue resolving) by not supporting it

Tutorials (beginner level)

Detecting Flash Player versions and embedding SWF files with SWFObject 2
Providing alternative content for SWF files
Embedding Flash with SWFObject 2.0 (video tutorial) by Lee Brimelow
Adding Flash content in an HTML page - French (video tutorial) by Matthieu Deloison

Comments

The comments functionality on this wiki has been switched off to avoid spam and abuse.

If you have any questions/comments about SWFObject or its documentation,or have problems with an implementation:

Please make sure you have read our FAQ
Use the SWFObject discussion group

If you find any bugs or want to request a future enhancement,you can fill in an issue report on the SWFObject issues page

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