使用ACE Reactor框架编程
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按照我的理解,我大致讲一下windows平台下的原理。在windows平台下ACE_Reactor的实现类是ACE_WMFO_Reactor,事件的多路分离是通过WaitForMultiObject和WSAEventSelect着两个函数来实现的。WaitForMultiObject的功能是等待一组(64)handle中的一个或者所有被操作系统激活,程序返回,具体使用看msdn,WSAEventSelect的功能是指定一个事件对象event object与 某个SOCKET的FD_XXX网络事件关联。ACE_WMFO_Reactor对象构造成功后,我们调用run_event_loop(),事件的多路分离线程就开始了,
int ACE_Reactor::run_reactor_event_loop (REACTOR_EVENT_HOOK eh) { ACE_TRACE ("ACE_Reactor::run_reactor_event_loop");
if (this->reactor_event_loop_done ()) return 0;
while (1) { int result = this->implementation_->handle_events ();//循环调用实现类的handle_events;
if (eh != 0 && (*eh)(this)) continue; else if (result == -1 && this->implementation_->deactivated ()) return 0; else if (result == -1) return -1; }
ACE_NOTREACHED (return 0;) }
下面是handle_events调用过程
ACE_WFMO_Reactor::handle_events (ACE_Time_Value *how_long) -ACE_WFMO_Reactor::event_handling (ACE_Time_Value *max_wait_time,int alertable) --ACE_WFMO_Reactor::ok_to_wait (ACE_Time_Value *max_wait_time,int alertable) --ACE_WFMO_Reactor::calculate_timeout (ACE_Time_Value *max_wait_time) --ACE_WFMO_Reactor::calculate_timeout (ACE_Time_Value *max_wait_time) --ACE_WFMO_Reactor::wait_for_multiple_events (int timeout,int alertable)
上面那个函数就是关键的多路分离函数。Reactor是如何知道应该调用那个事件处理器呢(event_handler),请看下面那个函数,
ACE_WFMO_Reactor::register_handler (ACE_Event_Handler *event_handler,ACE_Reactor_Mask mask)这是一个简单的事件处理器的注册函数,没有提供IO句柄,因为我们可以从ACE_Event_Handler派生一个类,,并在这个类中重载get_handle()这个函数提供IO句柄。如下
class Server_Acceptor : public ACE_Event_Handler { public: virtual int open (const ACE_INET_Addr &local_addr); virtual ACE_HANDLE get_handle (void) const {return acceptor_.get_handle (); }; virtual int handle_close (ACE_HANDLE = ACE_INVALID_HANDLE,ACE_Reactor_Mask = 0); virtual int handle_input (ACE_HANDLE = ACE_INVALID_HANDLE);
protected: ACE_SOCK_Acceptor acceptor_;
};
这个注册过程最终是通过register_handler_i这个成员函数进行的,
int ACE_WFMO_Reactor::register_handler_i (ACE_HANDLE event_handle, ACE_HANDLE io_handle, ACE_Event_Handler *event_handler, ACE_Reactor_Mask new_masks) { // If this is a Winsock 1 system,the underlying event assignment will // not work,so don't try. Winsock 1 must use ACE_Select_Reactor for // reacting to socket activity.
#if !defined (ACE_HAS_WINSOCK2) || (ACE_HAS_WINSOCK2 == 0)
ACE_UNUSED_ARG (event_handle); ACE_UNUSED_ARG (io_handle); ACE_UNUSED_ARG (event_handler); ACE_UNUSED_ARG (new_masks); ACE_NOTSUP_RETURN (-1);
#else
// Make sure that the <handle> is valid if (io_handle == ACE_INVALID_HANDLE) io_handle = event_handler->get_handle ();
if (this->handler_rep_.invalid_handle (io_handle)) { errno = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE; return -1; }
long new_network_events = 0; int delete_event = 0; auto_ptr <ACE_Auto_Event> event;
// Look up the repository to see if the <event_handler> is already // there. ACE_Reactor_Mask old_masks; int found = this->handler_rep_.modify_network_events_i (io_handle, new_masks, old_masks, new_network_events, event_handle, delete_event, ACE_Reactor::ADD_MASK);
// Check to see if the user passed us a valid event; If not then we // need to create one if (event_handle == ACE_INVALID_HANDLE) { // Note: don't change this since some C++ compilers have // <auto_ptr>s that don't work properly... auto_ptr<ACE_Auto_Event> tmp (new ACE_Auto_Event); event = tmp; event_handle = event->handle (); delete_event = 1; }
int result = ::WSAEventSelect ((SOCKET) io_handle, new_network_events); // If we had found the <Event_Handler> there is nothing more to do if (found) return result; else if (result != SOCKET_ERROR && this->handler_rep_.bind_i (1, event_handler, new_network_events, io_handle, event_handle, delete_event) != -1) { // The <event_handler> was not found in the repository,add to // the repository. if (delete_event) { // Clear out the handle in the ACE_Auto_Event so that when // it is destroyed,the handle isn't closed out from under // the reactor. After setting it,running down the event // (via auto_ptr<> event,above) at function return will // cause an error because it'll try to close an invalid handle. // To avoid that smashing the errno value,save the errno // here,explicitly remove the event so the dtor won't do it // again,then restore errno. ACE_Errno_Guard guard (errno); event->handle (ACE_INVALID_HANDLE); event->remove (); } return 0; } else return -1;
#endif /* ACE_HAS_WINSOCK2 || ACE_HAS_WINSOCK2 == 0 */
}
这个函数先调用WSAEventSelect进行Event_Handler的注册,然后调用handler_rep_.bind_i来修改句柄相关的信息。handler_rep是ACE_WFMO_Reactor的一个句柄仓库。
在使用ACE_WFMO_Reactor时也遇到个这么几个问题,
如何安全的结束run_event_loop线程?
定义入下一个类
class Quit_Handler : public ACE_Event_Handler { friend class ace_dewarn_gplusplus; public: Quit_Handler (ACE_Reactor *r) : ACE_Event_Handler (r) {}
virtual int handle_exception (ACE_HANDLE) { reactor ()->end_reactor_event_loop (); return -1; // Trigger call to handle_close() method. }
virtual int handle_close (ACE_HANDLE,ACE_Reactor_Mask) { delete this; return 0; }
private:
// Private destructor ensures dynamic allocation. virtual ~Quit_Handler () {} };
然后调用
Quit_Handler *quit_handler_; ACE_Reactor *r = ACE_Reactor::instance(); quit_handler_ = new Quit_Handler (r); r->notify (quit_handler_);
如何安全的删除事件处理器?
ACE_Reactor::instance()->remove_handler(acceptor_.get_handle(),ACE_Event_Handler::READ_MASK);
不要直接调用handle_close
如何安全的结束工作者,消费者线程?
如果线程使用同步队列的话,可以插入以下消息,结束线程 ACE_Message_Block *shutdown_message = 0; ACE_NEW_RETURN (shutdown_message, ACE_Message_Block (0,ACE_Message_Block::MB_STOP),-1); if( my_card_queue.enqueue_tail (shutdown_message) == -1) shutdown_message->release();
MFC中如何使用ACE编程?
在程序开始运行是调用ACE::init(),结束前调用ACE:fini()。
Reactor存在的问题是WaitForMultiObject只能 传入64个局柄,这个问题会在前摄式框架中解决。
我也是初学者,只能写这么点。 (编辑:李大同)
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