c# – 可视化使用ANTLR创建的AST(在.Net环境中)

您可以使用StringTemplate创建一个Graphviz DOT-file.创建这样一个DOT-file后,您可以使用一些第三方查看器来显示该树(图).

这是Java中的一个快速演示(我很少知道C#,对不起).

采取以下(过于简单的)表达语法,产生一个AST：

grammar ASTDemo;

options { 
  output=AST; 
}

tokens {
  ROOT;
  EXPRESSION;
}

parse
  :  (expression ';')+ -> ^(ROOT expression+) // omit the semi-colon
  ;

expression
  :  addExp -> ^(EXPRESSION addExp)
  ;

addExp
  :  multExp
     ( '+'^ multExp
     | '-'^ multExp
     )*
  ;

multExp
  :  powerExp
     ( '*'^ powerExp
     | '/'^ powerExp
     )*
  ;

powerExp
  :  atom ('^'^ atom)*
  ;

atom
  :  Number
  |  '(' expression ')' -> expression // omit the parenthesis
  ;

Number
  :  Digit+ ('.' Digit+)?
  ;

fragment
Digit
  :  '0'..'9'
  ;

Space
  :  (' ' | 't' | 'r' | 'n') {skip();}
  ;

首先让ANTLR从中生成词法分析器和解析器文件：

java -cp antlr-3.2.jar org.antlr.Tool ASTDemo.g

然后创建一个解析表达式“12 *(5 – 6); 2 ^ 3 ^(4 1)”的小测试工具;并将输出DOT-file：

import org.antlr.runtime.*;
import org.antlr.runtime.tree.*;
import org.antlr.stringtemplate.*;

public class MainASTDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ANTLRStringStream in = new ANTLRStringStream("12 * (5 - 6); 2^3^(4 + 1);");
        ASTDemoLexer lexer = new ASTDemoLexer(in);
        CommonTokenStream tokens = new CommonTokenStream(lexer);
        ASTDemoParser parser = new ASTDemoParser(tokens);
        ASTDemoParser.parse_return returnValue = parser.parse();
        CommonTree tree = (CommonTree)returnValue.getTree();
        DOTTreeGenerator gen = new DOTTreeGenerator();
        StringTemplate st = gen.toDOT(tree);
        System.out.println(st);
    }
}

编译所有.java文件：

// *nix & MacOS
javac -cp .:antlr-3.2.jar *.java

// Windows
javac -cp .;antlr-3.2.jar *.java

然后运行主类并将其输出管道导入名为ast-tree.dot的文件：

// *nix & MacOS
java -cp .:antlr-3.2.jar MainASTDemo > ast-tree.dot

// Windows
java -cp .;antlr-3.2.jar MainASTDemo > ast-tree.dot

文件ast-tree.dot现在包含：

digraph {

    ordering=out;
    ranksep=.4;
    bgcolor="lightgrey"; node [shape=box,fixedsize=false,fontsize=12,fontname="Helvetica-bold",fontcolor="blue"
        width=.25,height=.25,color="black",fillcolor="white",style="filled,solid,bold"];
    edge [arrowsize=.5,style="bold"]

  n0 [label="ROOT"];
  n1 [label="EXPRESSION"];
  n1 [label="EXPRESSION"];
  n2 [label="*"];
  n2 [label="*"];
  n3 [label="12"];
  n4 [label="EXPRESSION"];
  n4 [label="EXPRESSION"];
  n5 [label="-"];
  n5 [label="-"];
  n6 [label="5"];
  n7 [label="6"];
  n8 [label="EXPRESSION"];
  n8 [label="EXPRESSION"];
  n9 [label="^"];
  n9 [label="^"];
  n10 [label="^"];
  n10 [label="^"];
  n11 [label="2"];
  n12 [label="3"];
  n13 [label="EXPRESSION"];
  n13 [label="EXPRESSION"];
  n14 [label="+"];
  n14 [label="+"];
  n15 [label="4"];
  n16 [label="1"];

  n0 -> n1 // "ROOT" -> "EXPRESSION"
  n1 -> n2 // "EXPRESSION" -> "*"
  n2 -> n3 // "*" -> "12"
  n2 -> n4 // "*" -> "EXPRESSION"
  n4 -> n5 // "EXPRESSION" -> "-"
  n5 -> n6 // "-" -> "5"
  n5 -> n7 // "-" -> "6"
  n0 -> n8 // "ROOT" -> "EXPRESSION"
  n8 -> n9 // "EXPRESSION" -> "^"
  n9 -> n10 // "^" -> "^"
  n10 -> n11 // "^" -> "2"
  n10 -> n12 // "^" -> "3"
  n9 -> n13 // "^" -> "EXPRESSION"
  n13 -> n14 // "EXPRESSION" -> "+"
  n14 -> n15 // "+" -> "4"
  n14 -> n16 // "+" -> "1"

}

可以使用many viewers之一查看.甚至有在线观众.以此为例：http://graph.gafol.net/

当给它的内容物时,会产生以下图像：

alt text http://img19.imageshack.us/img19/4836/expression.png