Swift学习笔记（2）网络数据交换格式（XML，JSON）解析

参考书籍及资源：iOS实战 入门与提高卷 关东升 参考书籍地址

• 用NSXML来解析XML文档
• 用TBXML来解析XML文档
• 用NSJSONSerialization来解析JSON文档

目录

用NSXML来解析XML文档

NSXML是iOS SDK自带的，也是苹果默认的解析框架，框架的核心是NSXMLParser和它的委托协议NSXMLParserDelegate。

示例文档Notes.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Notes>
  <Note id="1">
    <CDate>2014-12-21</CDate>
    <Content>早上8点钟到公司</Content>
    <UserID>tony</UserID>
  </Note>
  <Note id="2">
    <CDate>2014-12-22</CDate>
    <Content>发布iOSBook1</Content>
    <UserID>tony</UserID>
  </Note>
  <Note id="3">
    <CDate>2014-12-23</CDate>
    <Content>发布iOSBook2</Content>
    <UserID>tony</UserID>
  </Note>
  <Note id="4">
    <CDate>2014-12-24</CDate>
    <Content>发布iOSBook3</Content>
    <UserID>tony</UserID>
  </Note>
  <Note id="5">
    <CDate>2014-12-25</CDate>
    <Content>发布2016奥运会应用iPhone版本</Content>
    <UserID>tony</UserID>
  </Note>
  <Note id="6">
    <CDate>2014-12-26</CDate>
    <Content>发布2016奥运会应用iPad版本</Content>
    <UserID>tony</UserID>
  </Note>
</Notes>

创建XMLParser类

import Foundation

class XMLParser: NSObject,NSXMLParserDelegate {

    private var notes:NSMutableArray! = []
    private var currentTagName:String!

    func startParse(){
        NSLog("start parse")

        let path=NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("Notes",ofType: "xml")!
        let url=NSURL(fileURLWithPath: path)

        //开始解析
        let parser=NSXMLParser(contentsOfURL: url)!
        parser.delegate=self
        parser.parse()
    }

    //文档开始时触发
    func parserDidStartDocument(parser: NSXMLParser) {
        self.notes=NSMutableArray()
    }

    //文档出错时触发
    func parser(parser: NSXMLParser,parseErrorOccurred parseError: NSError) {
        NSLog("%@",parseError)
    }

    //遇到一个开始标签时触发，其中namespaceURI是命名空间，qualifiedName是限定名，attributes是字典属性集合
    func parser(parser: NSXMLParser,didStartElement elementName: String,namespaceURI: String?,qualifiedName qName: String?,attributes attributeDict: [String : String]) {
        self.currentTagName=elementName
        if self.currentTagName == "Note"{
            let id=attributeDict["id"]! as NSString
            let dict=NSMutableDictionary()
            dict.setObject(id,forKey: "id")
            self.notes.addObject(dict)
        }
    }

    //遇到字符串时触发
    func parser(parser: NSXMLParser,foundCharacters string: String) {
    //去除空格和回车
        let s1 = string.stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet(NSCharacterSet.whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet())
        if s1 == ""{
            return
        }
        let dict = self.notes.lastObject as! NSMutableDictionary
        if (self.currentTagName == "CDate"){
            dict.setObject(string,forKey: "CDate")
        }
        if (self.currentTagName == "Content"){
            dict.setObject(string,forKey: "Content")
        }
        if (self.currentTagName == "UserID"){
            dict.setObject(string,forKey: "UserID")
        }
    }

    //遇到结束标签时触发
    func parser(parser: NSXMLParser,didEndElement elementName: String,qualifiedName qName: String?) {
        self.currentTagName=nil
    }

    //文档结束时触发
    func parserDidEndDocument(parser: NSXMLParser) {
        NSLog("end parse")
        NSLog("(notes)")
    }
}

调用与运行结果

override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view,typically from a nib. let parser=XMLParser() parser.startParse() } 

2016-05-17 12:03:42.836 XMLTest[61377:445073] start parse
2016-05-17 12:03:42.852 XMLTest[61377:445073] end parse
2016-05-17 12:03:42.853 XMLTest[61377:445073] (
        {
        CDate = "2014-12-21";
        Content = "U65e9U4e0a8U70b9U949fU5230U516cU53f8";
        UserID = tony;
        id = 1;
    },{
        CDate = "2014-12-22";
        Content = "U53d1U5e03iOSBook1";
        UserID = tony;
        id = 2;
    },{
        CDate = "2014-12-23";
        Content = "U53d1U5e03iOSBook2";
        UserID = tony;
        id = 3;
    },{
        CDate = "2014-12-24";
        Content = "U53d1U5e03iOSBook3";
        UserID = tony;
        id = 4;
    },{
        CDate = "2014-12-25";
        Content = "U53d1U5e032016U5965U8fd0U4f1aU5e94U7528iPhoneU7248U672c";
        UserID = tony;
        id = 5;
    },{
        CDate = "2014-12-26";
        Content = "U53d1U5e032016U5965U8fd0U4f1aU5e94U7528iPadU7248U672c";
        UserID = tony;
        id = 6;
    }
)

用TBXML来解析XML文档

TBXML是第三方框架，使用起来比NSXML更简单。

准备工作

TBXML下载地址

下载完成后将TBXML-Headers和TBXML-Code文件夹添加到工程中，并添加以下Framewok和库

在Xcode6以后的版本，需要创建PrefixHeader.pch文件

并选择TARGETS->工程名->Buil Setting->Apple LLVM x.x Language ->Prefix Header，输入PrefixHeader.pch

在PrefixHeader.pch中添加以下代码

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#define ARC_ENABLED

在桥接头文件中添加以下代码（关于桥接头文件请参考Swift和Objective-C的混编）

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "TBXML.h"

创建XMLParser类

import Foundation

class XMLParser: NSObject {

    private var notes:NSMutableArray! = []

    func startParse(){
        NSLog("start parse")

        self.notes=NSMutableArray()
        let tbxml=(try? TBXML(XMLFile: "Notes.xml",error:()))!
        //获取XML文档根元素
        let root=tbxml.rootXMLElement

        if root != nil{
            //查找root元素下的Note元素
            var noteElement=TBXML.childElementNamed("Note",parentElement: root)

            while noteElement != nil{
                let dict=NSMutableDictionary()

                //查找Note元素下的CDate元素
                let CDateElemet=TBXML.childElementNamed("CDate",parentElement: noteElement)
                if CDateElemet != nil{
                    let CDate=TBXML.textForElement(CDateElemet)
                    dict.setValue(CDate,forKey: "CDate")
                }

                //查找Note元素下的Content元素
                let ContentElemet=TBXML.childElementNamed("Content",parentElement: noteElement)
                if ContentElemet != nil{
                    let Content=TBXML.textForElement(ContentElemet)
                    dict.setValue(Content,forKey: "Content")
                }

                //查找Note元素下的UserID元素
                let UserIDElemet=TBXML.childElementNamed("UserID",parentElement: noteElement)
                if UserIDElemet != nil{
                    let UserID=TBXML.textForElement(UserIDElemet)
                    dict.setValue(UserID,forKey: "UserID")
                }

                //获取Note元素的id属性值
                let id=TBXML.valueOfAttributeNamed("id",forElement: noteElement)
                dict.setValue(id,forKey: "id")

                self.notes.addObject(dict)
                //获取同层的下一个Note元素
                noteElement=TBXML.nextSiblingNamed("Note",searchFromElement: noteElement)
            }
        }

        NSLog("end parse")
        NSLog("(notes)")
        self.notes=nil
    }

}

调用与运行结果

同上

用NSJSONSerialization来解析JSON文档

NSJSONSerialization是iOS 5之后苹果提供的API。

示例文档 Notes.data

{"ResultCode":0,"Record":[ {"ID":"1","CDate":"2014-12-23","Content":"发布iOSBook0","UserID":"tony"},{"ID":"2","CDate":"2014-12-24","Content":"发布iOSBook1",{"ID":"3","CDate":"2014-12-25","Content":"发布iOSBook2",{"ID":"4","CDate":"2014-12-26","Content":"发布iOSBook3",{"ID":"5","CDate":"2014-12-27","Content":"发布iOSBook4",{"ID":"6","CDate":"2014-12-28","Content":"发布iOSBook5",{"ID":"7","CDate":"2014-12-29","Content":"发布iOSBook6",{"ID":"8","CDate":"2014-12-30","Content":"发布iOSBook7",{"ID":"9","CDate":"2014-12-31","Content":"发布iOSBook8",{"ID":"10","CDate":"2014-12-32","Content":"发布iOSBook9",{"ID":"11","CDate":"2014-12-33","Content":"发布iOSBook10",{"ID":"12","CDate":"2014-12-34","Content":"发布iOSBook11",{"ID":"13","CDate":"2014-12-35","Content":"发布iOSBook12",{"ID":"14","CDate":"2014-12-36","Content":"发布iOSBook13",{"ID":"15","CDate":"2014-12-37","Content":"发布iOSBook14",{"ID":"16","CDate":"2014-12-38","Content":"发布iOSBook15",{"ID":"17","CDate":"2014-12-39","Content":"发布iOSBook16",{"ID":"18","CDate":"2014-12-40","Content":"发布iOSBook17",{"ID":"19","CDate":"2014-12-41","Content":"发布iOSBook18",{"ID":"20","CDate":"2014-12-42","Content":"发布iOSBook19",{"ID":"21","CDate":"2014-12-43","Content":"发布iOSBook20",{"ID":"22","CDate":"2014-12-44","Content":"发布iOSBook21","UserID":"tony"}]}

示例代码

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    var objects:NSMutableArray!=[]

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view,typically from a nib.

        let path=NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("Notes",ofType: "json")!
        let jsonData=NSData(contentsOfFile: path)!

        //MutableContainers指定解析返回的是可变的数组或字典
        let jsonObj:NSDictionary=(try? NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(jsonData,options: NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers)) as! NSDictionary

        self.objects=jsonObj.objectForKey("Record") as! NSMutableArray

        NSLog("(self.objects)")
    }

    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
        // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
    }


}

运行结果

略