使用Swift开发一个MacOS的菜单状态栏App
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猴子原创，欢迎转载。转载请注明： 转载自Cocos2Der-CSDN，谢谢！ 这两天突然想看看OSX下的App开发，看了几篇文章。下面这一篇我觉得入门是非常好的。我仅转述为中文，并非原文翻译。原文地址：http://footle.org/WeatherBar/ 下面开始介绍如何使用Swift开发一个Mac Menu Bar（Status Bar） App。通过做一个简单的天气app。天气数据来源于OpenWeatherMap 完成后的效果如下： 一、开始建立工程打开Xcode，Create a New Project or File ? New ? Project ? Application ? Cocoa Application （ OS X 这一栏）。点击下一步。 二、开始代码工作
import Cocoa
@NSApplicationMain
class AppDelegate: NSObject,NSApplicationDelegate { @IBOutlet weak var statusMenu: NSMenu! let statusItem = NSStatusBar.systemStatusBar().statusItemWithLength(NSVariableStatusItemLength) @IBAction func quitClicked(sender: NSMenuItem) { NSApplication.sharedApplication().terminate(self) } func applicationDidFinishLaunching(aNotification: NSNotification) { statusItem.title = "WeatherBar" statusItem.menu = statusMenu } func applicationWillTerminate(aNotification: NSNotification) { // Insert code here to tear down your application } }
运行，你可以看到一个状态栏了。 三、进阶一步，让App变得更好你应该注意到了，当你运行后，底部Dock栏里出现了一个App启动的Icon。但实际上我们也不需要这个启动icon，打开Info，添加 “Application is agent (UIElement)”为YES。 运行一下，不会出现dock启动icon了。 四、添加状态栏Icon状态栏icon尺寸请使用18x18,36x36(@2x),54x54(@3x)，添加这1x和2x两张图到Assets.xcassets中。 在applicationDidFinishLaunching中，修改为如下： let icon = NSImage(named: "statusIcon")
icon?.template = true // best for dark mode
statusItem.image = icon
statusItem.menu = statusMenu
运行一下，你应该看到状态栏icon了。 五、重构下代码如果我们进一步写下去，你会发现大量代码在AppDelegate中，我们不希望这样。下面我们为Menu创建一个Controller来管理。
代码如下： // StatusMenuController.swift
import Cocoa
class StatusMenuController: NSObject {
@IBOutlet weak var statusMenu: NSMenu!
let statusItem = NSStatusBar.systemStatusBar().statusItemWithLength(NSVariableStatusItemLength)
override func awakeFromNib() {
let icon = NSImage(named: "statusIcon")
icon?.template = true // best for dark mode
statusItem.image = icon
statusItem.menu = statusMenu
}
@IBAction func quitClicked(sender: NSMenuItem) {
NSApplication.sharedApplication().terminate(self)
}
}
// AppDelegate.swift
import Cocoa
@NSApplicationMain
class AppDelegate: NSObject,NSApplicationDelegate { func applicationDidFinishLaunching(aNotification: NSNotification) { // Insert code here to initialize your application } func applicationWillTerminate(aNotification: NSNotification) { // Insert code here to tear down your application } }
注意，因为删除了AppDelegate中的Outlet注册，所以你需要重新连Outlet，但在这之前我们需要先做一件事。（你可以试试连接StatusMenuController中的Outlet，看看会怎么样？）
当MainMenu.xib被初始化的时候，StatusMenuController下的awakeFromNib将会被执行，所以我们在里面做初始化工作。 运行一下，保证你全部正常工作了。 六、天气Api我们使用 OpenWeatherMap的天气数据，所以你得注册一个账号，获取到免费的API Key。
import Foundation
class WeatherAPI {
let API_KEY = "your-api-key-here"
let BASE_URL = "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather"
func fetchWeather(query: String) {
let session = NSURLSession.sharedSession()
// url-escape the query string we're passed
let escapedQuery = query.stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters(NSCharacterSet.URLQueryAllowedCharacterSet())
let url = NSURL(string: "(BASE_URL)?APPID=(API_KEY)&units=imperial&q=(escapedQuery!)")
let task = session.dataTaskWithURL(url!) { data,response,err in
// first check for a hard error
if let error = err {
NSLog("weather api error: (error)")
}
// then check the response code
if let httpResponse = response as? NSHTTPURLResponse {
switch httpResponse.statusCode {
case 200: // all good!
let dataString = NSString(data: data!,encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding) as! String
NSLog(dataString)
case 401: // unauthorized
NSLog("weather api returned an 'unauthorized' response. Did you set your API key?")
default:
NSLog("weather api returned response: %d %@",httpResponse.statusCode,NSHTTPURLResponse.localizedStringForStatusCode(httpResponse.statusCode))
}
}
}
task.resume()
}
}
注意OSX 10.11之后请添加NSAppTransportSecurity，保证http能使用。 运行一下，然后点击Update菜单。你会收到一个json格式的天气数据。
import Cocoa
class StatusMenuController: NSObject {
@IBOutlet weak var statusMenu: NSMenu!
let statusItem = NSStatusBar.systemStatusBar().statusItemWithLength(NSVariableStatusItemLength)
let weatherAPI = WeatherAPI()
override func awakeFromNib() {
statusItem.menu = statusMenu
let icon = NSImage(named: "statusIcon")
icon?.template = true // best for dark mode
statusItem.image = icon
statusItem.menu = statusMenu
updateWeather()
}
func updateWeather() {
weatherAPI.fetchWeather("Seattle")
}
@IBAction func updateClicked(sender: NSMenuItem) {
updateWeather()
}
@IBAction func quitClicked(sender: NSMenuItem) {
NSApplication.sharedApplication().terminate(self)
}
}
七、解析Json你可以使用 SwiftyJSON，但本次我们先不使用第三方库。我们得到的天气数据如下： {
"coord": { "lon": -122.33,"lat": 47.61 },"weather": [{ "id": 800,"main": "Clear","description": "sky is clear","icon": "01n" }],"base": "cmc stations","main": { "temp": 57.45,"pressure": 1018,"humidity": 59,"temp_min": 53.6,"temp_max": 62.6 },"wind": { "speed": 2.61,"deg": 19.5018 },"clouds": { "all": 1 },"dt": 1444623405,"sys": { "type": 1,"id": 2949,"message": 0.0065,"country": "US","sunrise": 1444659833,"sunset": 1444699609 },"id": 5809844,"name": "Seattle","cod": 200 }
struct Weather {
var city: String
var currentTemp: Float
var conditions: String
}
func weatherFromJSONData(data: NSData) -> Weather? { typealias JSONDict = [String:AnyObject] let json : JSONDict do { json = try NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data,options: []) as! JSONDict } catch { NSLog("JSON parsing failed: (error)") return nil }
var mainDict = json["main"] as! JSONDict
var weatherList = json["weather"] as! [JSONDict]
var weatherDict = weatherList[0]
let weather = Weather(
city: json["name"] as! String,currentTemp: mainDict["temp"] as! Float,conditions: weatherDict["main"] as! String
)
return weather
}
let task = session.dataTaskWithURL(url!) { data,error in
// first check for a hard error
if let error = err {
NSLog("weather api error: (error)")
}
// then check the response code
if let httpResponse = response as? NSHTTPURLResponse {
switch httpResponse.statusCode {
case 200: // all good!
if let weather = self.weatherFromJSONData(data!) {
NSLog("(weather)")
}
case 401: // unauthorized
NSLog("weather api returned an 'unauthorized' response. Did you set your API key?")
default:
NSLog("weather api returned response: %d %@",httpResponse.statusCode,NSHTTPURLResponse.localizedStringForStatusCode(httpResponse.statusCode))
}
}
}
如果此时你运行，你会收到 2016-07-28 11:25:08.457 WeatherBar[49688:1998824] Optional(WeatherBar.Weather(city: "Seattle",currentTemp: 51.6,conditions: "Clouds"))
struct Weather: CustomStringConvertible {
var city: String
var currentTemp: Float
var conditions: String
var description: String {
return "(city): (currentTemp)F and (conditions)"
}
}
再运行试试。 八、Weather用到Controller中
protocol WeatherAPIDelegate {
func weatherDidUpdate(weather: Weather)
}
init(delegate: WeatherAPIDelegate) {
self.delegate = delegate
}
let task = session.dataTaskWithURL(url!) { data,error in
// first check for a hard error
if let error = err {
NSLog("weather api error: (error)")
}
// then check the response code
if let httpResponse = response as? NSHTTPURLResponse {
switch httpResponse.statusCode {
case 200: // all good!
if let weather = self.weatherFromJSONData(data!) {
self.delegate?.weatherDidUpdate(weather)
}
case 401: // unauthorized
NSLog("weather api returned an 'unauthorized' response. Did you set your API key?")
default:
NSLog("weather api returned response: %d %@",NSHTTPURLResponse.localizedStringForStatusCode(httpResponse.statusCode))
}
}
}
class StatusMenuController: NSObject,WeatherAPIDelegate {
...
var weatherAPI: WeatherAPI!
override func awakeFromNib() {
...
weatherAPI = WeatherAPI(delegate: self)
updateWeather()
}
...
func weatherDidUpdate(weather: Weather) {
NSLog(weather.description)
}
...
let task = session.dataTaskWithURL(url!) { data,error in
// first check for a hard error
if let error = err {
NSLog("weather api error: (error)")
}
// then check the response code
if let httpResponse = response as? NSHTTPURLResponse {
switch httpResponse.statusCode {
case 200: // all good!
if let weather = self.weatherFromJSONData(data!) {
success(weather)
}
case 401: // unauthorized
NSLog("weather api returned an 'unauthorized' response. Did you set your API key?")
default:
NSLog("weather api returned response: %d %@",NSHTTPURLResponse.localizedStringForStatusCode(httpResponse.statusCode))
}
}
}
func updateWeather() {
weatherAPI.fetchWeather("Seattle,WA") { weather in
NSLog(weather.description)
}
}
运行一下，确保都正常。 九、显示天气在MainMenu.xib中添加子菜单 “Weather”（你可以添加2个Separator Menu Item用于子菜单分割线） 在updateWeather中，替换NSLog: if let weatherMenuItem = self.statusMenu.itemWithTitle("Weather") {
weatherMenuItem.title = weather.description
}
运行一下，看看天气是不是显示出来了。 十、创建一个天气视图打开MainMenu.xib，拖一个Custom View进来。
import Cocoa
class WeatherView: NSView {
@IBOutlet weak var imageView: NSImageView!
@IBOutlet weak var cityTextField: NSTextField!
@IBOutlet weak var currentConditionsTextField: NSTextField!
}
并添加update: func update(weather: Weather) {
// do UI updates on the main thread
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
self.cityTextField.stringValue = weather.city
self.currentConditionsTextField.stringValue = "(Int(weather.currentTemp))°F and (weather.conditions)"
self.imageView.image = NSImage(named: weather.icon)
}
}
注意这里使用dispatch_async调用UI线程来刷新UI，因为后面调用此函数的数据来源于网络请求子线程。
class StatusMenuController: NSObject {
@IBOutlet weak var statusMenu: NSMenu!
@IBOutlet weak var weatherView: WeatherView!
var weatherMenuItem: NSMenuItem!
...
weatherMenuItem = statusMenu.itemWithTitle("Weather")
weatherMenuItem.view = weatherView
func updateWeather() {
weatherAPI.fetchWeather("Seattle,WA") { weather in
self.weatherView.update(weather)
}
}
运行一下。 十一、添加天气图片先添加天气素材到Xcode，天气素材可以在http://openweathermap.org/weather-conditions 这里找到。这里我已经提供了一份icon zip,解压后放Xcode。
let weather = Weather(
city: json["name"] as! String,currentTemp: mainDict["temp"] as! Float,conditions: weatherDict["main"] as! String,icon: weatherDict["icon"] as! String
)
let weather = Weather(
city: json["name"] as! String,icon: weatherDict["icon"] as! String
)
imageView.image = NSImage(named: weather.icon)
运行一下，Pretty! 十二、添加设置在MainMenu.xib MenuItem中，添加一个Menu Item命名为“Preferences…”
Outlet cityTextField到PreferencesWindow.swift
override var windowNibName : String! {
return "PreferencesWindow"
}
self.window?.center()
self.window?.makeKeyAndOrderFront(nil)
NSApp.activateIgnoringOtherApps(true)
import Cocoa
class PreferencesWindow: NSWindowController {
@IBOutlet weak var cityTextField: NSTextField!
override var windowNibName : String! {
return "PreferencesWindow"
}
override func windowDidLoad() {
super.windowDidLoad()
self.window?.center()
self.window?.makeKeyAndOrderFront(nil)
NSApp.activateIgnoringOtherApps(true)
}
}
func windowWillClose(notification: NSNotification) {
let defaults = NSUserDefaults.standardUserDefaults()
defaults.setValue(cityTextField.stringValue,forKey: "city")
}
增加协议: protocol PreferencesWindowDelegate { func preferencesDidUpdate() }
增加delegate: var delegate: PreferencesWindowDelegate?
在windowWillClose最下面调用 delegate?.preferencesDidUpdate()
class StatusMenuController: NSObject,PreferencesWindowDelegate {
实现代理： func preferencesDidUpdate() {
updateWeather()
}
awakeFromNib中： preferencesWindow = PreferencesWindow()
preferencesWindow.delegate = self
func updateWeather() {
let defaults = NSUserDefaults.standardUserDefaults()
let city = defaults.stringForKey("city") ?? DEFAULT_CITY
weatherAPI.fetchWeather(city) { weather in
self.weatherView.update(weather)
}
}
let defaults = NSUserDefaults.standardUserDefaults()
let city = defaults.stringForKey("city") ?? DEFAULT_CITY
cityTextField.stringValue = city
运行。一切OK。 其他： （编辑：李大同） 【声明】本站内容均来自网络，其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利，请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |