QtEmbedded开发介绍之配置参数篇上

QtEmbedded开发介绍之配置参数篇上

经常有人会在BBS和QQ群上大喊：怎么裁剪Qt，怎么安装那么困难啊。

每当我看见时，都是非常无奈，其实Qt有套良好的配置安装机制，跟大多数linux程序一样，典型的先configure，然后make，最后 make install三部曲。而如果要裁剪参数，其实可以在configure加上对应的参数来实现，通过合理的选择，完全可以做到满足项目的开发。对于嵌入式 开发来说，资源是极其重要的，这就要求我们应该对应不同的项目开发，对Qte进行不同的裁剪来实现。

其实，在前面的减少Qt编译时间暨简单Qt裁剪 已经对这个题目有了非常详细的概述，并且通过qconfig工具可以做到控件级的裁剪，但是如果能在 configure阶段，能搞清楚参数，我想对于开发也是有很大的帮助。

为了与时俱进，本人的例子都是参照qt-embedded-linux-opensource-src-4.5.x系列。

当进入解压好的源码包后，使用./configure –help命令，可以获得相应帮助，那我们只要选取参数部分看看就OK

Configure options:

The defaults (*) are usually acceptable. A plus (+) denotes a default value
that needs to be evaluated. If the evaluation succeeds,the feature is
included. Here is a short explanation of each option:

* -release ……….. Compile and link Qt with debugging turned off.
-debug …………. Compile and link Qt with debugging turned on.
-debug-and-release . Compile and link two versions of Qt,with and without
debugging turned on (Mac only).

-developer-build…. Compile and link Qt with Qt developer options (including auto-tests exporting)

-opensource……… Compile and link the Open-Source Edition of Qt.
-commercial……… Compile and link the Commercial Edition of Qt.

* -shared ………… Create and use shared Qt libraries.
-static ………… Create and use static Qt libraries.

* -no-fast ……….. Configure Qt normally by generating Makefiles for all
project files.
-fast ………….. Configure Qt quickly by generating Makefiles only for
library and subdirectory targets. All other Makefiles
are created as wrappers,which will in turn run qmake.

-no-largefile …… Disables large file support.
+ -largefile ……… Enables Qt to access files larger than 4 GB.

* -no-exceptions ….. Disable exceptions on compilers that support it.
-exceptions …….. Enable exceptions on compilers that support it.

-no-accessibility .. Do not compile Accessibility support.
* -accessibility ….. Compile Accessibility support.

-no-stl ………… Do not compile STL support.
* -stl …………… Compile STL support.

-no-sql-<driver> … Disable SQL <driver> entirely.
-qt-sql-<driver> … Enable a SQL <driver> in the QtSql library,by default
none are turned on.
-plugin-sql-<driver> Enable SQL <driver> as a plugin to be linked to
at run time.

Possible values for <driver>:
[ db2 ibase mysql oci odbc psql sqlite sqlite2 tds ]

-system-sqlite ….. Use sqlite from the operating system.

-no-qt3support ….. Disables the Qt 3 support functionality.
* -qt3support …….. Enables the Qt 3 support functionality.

-no-xmlpatterns …. Do not build the QtXmlPatterns module.
+ -xmlpatterns ……. Build the QtXmlPatterns module.
QtXmlPatterns is built if a decent C++ compiler
is used and exceptions are enabled.

-no-phonon ……… Do not build the Phonon module.
+ -phonon ………… Build the Phonon module.
Phonon is built if a decent C++ compiler is used.
-no-phonon-backend.. Do not build the platform phonon plugin.
+ -phonon-backend….. Build the platform phonon plugin.

-no-svg ………… Do not build the SVG module.
+ -svg …………… Build the SVG module.

-no-webkit ……… Do not build the WebKit module.
+ -webkit ………… Build the WebKit module.
WebKit is built if a decent C++ compiler is used.

-no-scripttools …. Do not build the QtScriptTools module.
+ -scripttools ……. Build the QtScriptTools module.

-platform target … The operating system and compiler you are building
on (qws/linux-x86-g++).

See the README file for a list of supported
operating systems and compilers.

-no-mmx ………… Do not compile with use of MMX instructions.
-no-3dnow ………. Do not compile with use of 3DNOW instructions.
-no-sse ………… Do not compile with use of SSE instructions.
-no-sse2 ……….. Do not compile with use of SSE2 instructions.

-qtnamespace <name> Wraps all Qt library code in ‘namespace <name> {…}’.
-qtlibinfix <infix> Renames all libQt*.so to libQt*<infix>.so.

-D <string> …….. Add an explicit define to the preprocessor.
-I <string> …….. Add an explicit include path.
-L <string> …….. Add an explicit library path.

-help,-h ………. Display this information.

Third Party Libraries:

-qt-zlib ……….. Use the zlib bundled with Qt.
+ -system-zlib ……. Use zlib from the operating system.
See http://www.gzip.org/zlib

-no-gif ………… Do not compile the plugin for GIF reading support.
* -qt-gif ………… Compile the plugin for GIF reading support.
See also src/plugins/imageformats/gif/qgifhandler.h

-no-libtiff …….. Do not compile the plugin for TIFF support.
-qt-libtiff …….. Use the libtiff bundled with Qt.
+ -system-libtiff …. Use libtiff from the operating system.
See http://www.libtiff.org

-no-libpng ……… Do not compile in PNG support.
-qt-libpng ……… Use the libpng bundled with Qt.
+ -system-libpng ….. Use libpng from the operating system.
See http://www.libpng.org/pub/png

-no-libmng ……… Do not compile the plugin for MNG support.
-qt-libmng ……… Use the libmng bundled with Qt.
+ -system-libmng ….. Use libmng from the operating system.
See http://www.libmng.com

-no-libjpeg …….. Do not compile the plugin for JPEG support.
-qt-libjpeg …….. Use the libjpeg bundled with Qt.
+ -system-libjpeg …. Use libjpeg from the operating system.
See http://www.ijg.org

-no-openssl …….. Do not compile support for OpenSSL.
+ -openssl ……….. Enable run-time OpenSSL support.
-openssl-linked …. Enabled linked OpenSSL support.

-ptmalloc ………. Override the system memory allocator with ptmalloc.
(Experimental.)

Additional options:

-make <part> ……. Add part to the list of parts to be built at make time.
(libs tools examples demos docs translations)
-nomake <part> ….. Exclude part from the list of parts to be built.

-R <string> …….. Add an explicit runtime library path to the Qt
libraries.
-l <string> …….. Add an explicit library.

-no-rpath ………. Do not use the library install path as a runtime
library path.
+ -rpath …………. Link Qt libraries and executables using the library
install path as a runtime library path. Equivalent
to -R install_libpath

-continue ………. Continue as far as possible if an error occurs.

-verbose,-v ……. Print verbose information about each step of the
configure process.

-silent ………… Reduce the build output so that warnings and errors
can be seen more easily.

* -no-optimized-qmake … Do not build qmake optimized.
-optimized-qmake …… Build qmake optimized.

-no-nis ………… Do not compile NIS support.
* -nis …………… Compile NIS support.

-no-cups ……….. Do not compile CUPS support.
* -cups ………….. Compile CUPS support.
Requires cups/cups.h and libcups.so.2.

-no-iconv ………. Do not compile support for iconv(3).
* -iconv …………. Compile support for iconv(3).

-no-pch ………… Do not use precompiled header support.
* -pch …………… Use precompiled header support.

-no-dbus ……….. Do not compile the QtDBus module.
+ -dbus ………….. Compile the QtDBus module and dynamically load libdbus-1.
-dbus-linked ……. Compile the QtDBus module and link to libdbus-1.

-reduce-relocations ….. Reduce relocations in the libraries through extra
linker optimizations (Qt/X11 and Qt for Embedded Linux only;
experimental; needs GNU ld >= 2.18).

-no-separate-debug-info . Do not store debug information in a separate file.
* -separate-debug-info …. Strip debug information into a separate .debug file.

Qt for Embedded Linux only:

-xplatform target … The target platform when cross-compiling.

-no-feature-<feature> Do not compile in <feature>.
-feature-<feature> .. Compile in <feature>. The available features
are described in src/corelib/global/qfeatures.txt

-embedded <arch> …. This will enable the embedded build,you must have a
proper license for this switch to work.
Example values for <arch>: arm mips x86 generic

-armfpa …………. Target platform is uses the ARM-FPA floating point format.
-no-armfpa ………. Target platform does not use the ARM-FPA floating point format.

The floating point format is usually autodetected by configure. Use this
to override the detected value.

-little-endian …… Target platform is little endian (LSB first).
-big-endian ……… Target platform is big endian (MSB first).

-host-little-endian . Host platform is little endian (LSB first).
-host-big-endian …. Host platform is big endian (MSB first).

You only need to specify the endianness when
cross-compiling,otherwise the host
endianness will be used.

-no-freetype …….. Do not compile in Freetype2 support.
-qt-freetype …….. Use the libfreetype bundled with Qt.
* -system-freetype …. Use libfreetype from the operating system.
See http://www.freetype.org/

-qconfig local …… Use src/corelib/global/qconfig-local.h rather than the
default (full).

-depths <list> …… Comma-separated list of supported bit-per-pixel
depths,from: 1,4,8,12,15,16,18,24,32 and ‘all’.

-qt-decoration-<style> ….Enable a decoration <style> in the QtGui library,
by default all available decorations are on.
Possible values for <style>: [ styled windows default ]
-plugin-decoration-<style> Enable decoration <style> as a plugin to be
linked to at run time.
Possible values for <style>: [ default styled windows ]
-no-decoration-<style> ….Disable decoration <style> entirely.
Possible values for <style>: [ styled windows default ]

-no-opengl ………. Do not support OpenGL.
-opengl <api> ……. Enable OpenGL ES support
With no parameter,this will attempt to auto-detect OpenGL ES 1.x
or 2.x. Use es1,es1cl or es2 for <api> to override auto-detection.

NOTE: A QGLScreen driver for the hardware is required to support
OpenGL ES on Qt for Embedded Linux.

-qt-gfx-<driver> … Enable a graphics <driver> in the QtGui library.
Possible values for <driver>: [ linuxfb transformed qvfb vnc multiscreen ]
-plugin-gfx-<driver> Enable graphics <driver> as a plugin to be
linked to at run time.
Possible values for <driver>: [ ahi directfb hybrid linuxfb powervr qvfb transformed vnc ]
-no-gfx-<driver> … Disable graphics <driver> entirely.
Possible values for <driver>: [ linuxfb transformed qvfb vnc multiscreen ]

-qt-kbd-<driver> … Enable a keyboard <driver> in the QtGui library.
Possible values for <driver>: [ tty usb sl5000 yopy vr41xx qvfb ]

-plugin-kbd-<driver> Enable keyboard <driver> as a plugin to be linked to
at runtime.
Possible values for <driver>: [ linuxis sl5000 usb vr41xx yopy ]

-no-kbd-<driver> … Disable keyboard <driver> entirely.
Possible values for <driver>: [ tty usb sl5000 yopy vr41xx qvfb ]

-qt-mouse-<driver> … Enable a mouse <driver> in the QtGui library.
Possible values for <driver>: [ pc bus linuxtp yopy vr41xx tslib qvfb ]
-plugin-mouse-<driver> Enable mouse <driver> as a plugin to be linked to
at runtime.
Possible values for <driver>: [ bus linuxis linuxtp pc tslib vr41xx yopy ]
-no-mouse-<driver> … Disable mouse <driver> entirely.
Possible values for <driver>: [ pc bus linuxtp yopy vr41xx tslib qvfb ]

-iwmmxt ………… Compile using the iWMMXt instruction set
(available on some XScale CPUs).

-no-glib ……….. Do not compile Glib support.
+ -glib ………….. Compile Glib support.
这么参数，看得头晕了，但是其实仔细分析下，就会发现这些参数大多数是不难的，意思是非常好了解。本人移植qte时，就是一个一个参数配置过来的，当然，有些是可以无视的。接下来，就容本菜菜为您一一解释。

我们可以发现，有的参数前面有＊号，这就意味这如果我们什么也不做，直接配置编译的话，就会把这些参数默认进去。不过，如果什么也不做，那裁剪也无从说起了。为了便于分析，接下来，我就是以如下格式进行：

参数

解释。

-release

这个参数显而易见，就是编译Qt以发布版的模式进行，一般来说，最后系统完成后，库就应该是发布版。

-release

与上面对应，自然是调试版了，如果开发的话，可以选择它吧。

-debug-and-release

囧，上面那两个的儿子。

-developer-build

囧，我错了，开发者也可以用这个的，选了这个后，可以进行自动测试，不过还没去用过，以后可以研究研究。

-opensource

-commercial

这两个参数是指是编译是商业版本的，还是开源版本呢，视个人情况而定。

-shared

-static

这两个参数是指Qt的lib以动态还是静态编译生成，这自然也是视个人需要的。

-no-fast

-fast

这两个就很有关系，如果对自己的电脑性能很有信心，那就选第一个，那所有的工程文件都会生成到makefiles中，那编译的时间，估计可以看完变形金刚了。如果选第二个，那就加入子目录和库到makefiles，这样就能加快编译的速度。

-no-largefile

-largefile

顾名思义，支不支持大文件，一般来说，嵌入式里是不会有从超过4G的大文件的，那就选第一个吧。

-no-exceptions

-exceptions

计算机英语够好的人都该懂，这个自然就是异常情况，选则编译器支持抛出异常，否则不支持。

-no-accessibility

-accessibility

可访问性的支持，说实话，这个我真不知道有什么有用了。等哪天发现了，再来好好解释。

-no-stl

-stl

是都加入stl的支持，stl，这应该算是C＋＋程序员应该都了解了，再不济，那也总听说过大名吧。

no-sql-<driver>
-qt-sql-<driver>
-plugin-sql-<driver>

这个可要好好说明下，一般来说，对于一个优秀的项目开发，数据库是必不可少的，qt也自带了大多数数据库驱动，可以完美地支持数据库的使用。对于数 据库的使用，我们可以直接qt驱动编译进去，或者以插件的形式编译进去。一般来说，最简单地就是直接编译进去，但使用插件形式的可以更加灵活，针对不同的 需求将驱动插件添加。其中，<>代表的是驱动名，如果我想直接添加sqlite的支持话，形式如下：-qt-sql-sqlite。其他名称 可以自己查看参数里，有详细地介绍。

-system-sqlite

sqlite真受欢迎啊，当然那么优秀的嵌入式数据库，本人也是基本使用它来进行开发。这个参数意思是使用操作系统上的sqlite数据库，如果是不太会移植的，可以考虑直接使用qt自带的驱动。

-no-qt3support

-qt3support

这个也是简洁易懂，加不加对qt3的支持。

no-xmlpatterns

-xmlpatterns

选择对xml的支持，如果对网络无需求的话，就不用加了。

-no-phonon

-phonon

phonon是qt中处理多媒体的模块，比如放放视频什么来着，不过本人从没用过，也是根据需要选择的。

-no-phonon-backend
-phonon-backend
与上面类似，只不过这两是以插件的形式加入支持。

-no-svg

－svg

是否加入svg的支持，svg即可缩放矢量图形。

-no-webkit

-webkit

是否加入webkit的支持，这可是个好东西，不过如果跟网络不搭界的话，还是不支持吧。

-no-scripttools

-scripttools

是否加入脚本工具的支持，这对php等脚本工程师来说是个很棒的参数，但对于我这样菜鸟，就别提了。

-platform target

目标平台，这可是关键了，如果不注意的话，编译出来是x86上的话，哪怕是再牛的嵌入式工程师来也没法帮你移植到开发板上。通常，本人是linux-arm-g++。
-no-mmx

-no-3dnow

-no-sse

-no-sse2

这四个参数是针对CPU的指令集，老实说，我也不甚了解，不过，对于开发并不是影响很大。

-qtnamespace

把qt的库封装到命名空间，没啥重要用处，依个人爱好加吧。

-qtlibinfix

将所有的qt的.so库重命名，也没啥大用处。

好了，以上就是qt最基本的参数，接下来静待下篇吧囧。

（编辑：李大同）

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