引言

之前，我们介绍了数字设计中一些基本组合逻辑的写法（http://blog.csdn.net/rill_zhen/article/details/39586191）以及状态机的写法（http://blog.csdn.net/rill_zhen/article/details/39585367），本小节我们通过一个小实验来熟悉一下pipeline的写法。

在多数的资料和教课书中提到pipeline时，大多只是解释概念，很少介绍其具体RTL实现的，给人一种高达上的感觉。有的资料中会提到具体写法，但大多采用pipe_ready、pipe_hold信号来控制流水线的暂停和继续。

那种写法在流水线较简单时还比较容易，一旦流水线变得复杂，尤其是有些stage还包含子流水线时，pipe_ready/pipe_hold的逻辑就变得很杂乱，以致容易出错。本小节我们介绍另外一种写法，将valid/ready协议和pipeline结合在一起。

关于valid/ready协议，我们之前已经介绍过了，请参考（http://blog.csdn.net/rill_zhen/article/details/44219593）。

将每个stage都解耦合，认为是独立的逻辑单元，所有stage只和自己的上一级和下一级交互，并且采用valid/ready握手协议进一步解耦合。这样设计的pipeline，不仅界限清晰，而且接口简单，耦合度低。便于以后的扩展，debug起来也很容易定位问题。

1，代码清单

下面我们设计一个3级全流水模块，采用上述思路进行编码。

pipeline.v：

/*
* pipeline example
* Rill 2015-05-11
*/


module Mpipeline
(
	input clk,input rst_n,input en_i,input [7:0] data_i,output en_o,output [7:0] data_o,output idle
);

	wire rdy_pb2pa;
	wire vld_pa2pb;
	wire [7:0] data_pa2pb;
	
	wire rdy_pc2pb;
	wire vld_pb2pc;
        wire [7:0] data_pb2pc;
   
	
	wire rdy_pa;
	
	Mpa pa
	(
	.clk (clk),.rst_n (rst_n),.valid_i (en_i),.data_i (data_i),.ready_i (rdy_pb2pa),.ready_o (rdy_pa),.valid_o (vld_pa2pb),.data_o (data_pa2pb)	
	);
	
	Mpb pb
	(
	.clk (clk),.valid_i (vld_pa2pb),.data_i (data_pa2pb),.ready_i (rdy_pc2pb),.ready_o (rdy_pb2pa),.valid_o (vld_pb2pc),.data_o (data_pb2pc)	
	);
	
	Mpc pc
	(
	.clk (clk),.valid_i (vld_pb2pc),.data_i (data_pb2pc),.ready_i (1'b1),.ready_o (rdy_pc2pb),.valid_o (en_o),.data_o (data_o)	
	);

   assign idle = ~vld_pa2pb & ~vld_pb2pc & ~en_o;
   
endmodule

module Mpa
(
	input clk,input 			valid_i,//from pre-stage
	input [7:0] 	data_i,//from pre-stage
	input 			ready_i,//from post-stage
	
	output 			ready_o,//to pre-stage
	
	output 			valid_o,//to post-stage
	output [7:0]	data_o //to post-stage
);

	reg 		valid_o_r;
	reg [7:0] 	data_o_r;
	
        wire [7:0]	calc;
	
	assign calc = data_i + 1'b1;
	
	always @(posedge clk)
		if(~rst_n)
			valid_o_r <= 1'b0;
		else if(valid_i)
			valid_o_r <= 1'b1;
		else if(~valid_i)
			valid_o_r <= 1'b0;
			
	always @(posedge clk)
		if(~rst_n)
			data_o_r <= 8'b0;
		else if(valid_i)
			data_o_r <= calc;
	
	assign ready_o = ready_i;
	assign valid_o = valid_o_r;
	assign data_o = data_o_r;
endmodule


module Mpb
(
	input clk,//to post-stage
	output [7:0]	data_o //to post-stage
);

	reg 		valid_o_r;
	reg [7:0] 	data_o_r;
	
        wire [7:0]	calc;
	
	assign calc = data_i << 1'b1;
	
	always @(posedge clk)
		if(~rst_n)
			valid_o_r <= 1'b0;
		else if(valid_i)
			valid_o_r <= 1'b1;
		else if(~valid_i)
			valid_o_r <= 1'b0;
			
	always @(posedge clk)
		if(~rst_n)
			data_o_r <= 8'b0;
		else if(valid_i)
			data_o_r <= calc;
	
	assign ready_o = ready_i;
	assign valid_o = valid_o_r;
	assign data_o = data_o_r;
endmodule

module Mpc
(
	input clk,//to post-stage
	output [7:0]	data_o //to post-stage
);

	reg 		valid_o_r;
	reg [7:0] 	data_o_r;
	
        wire [7:0]	calc;
	
	assign calc = data_i - 1'b1;
	
	always @(posedge clk)
		if(~rst_n)
			valid_o_r <= 1'b0;
		else if(valid_i)
			valid_o_r <= 1'b1;
		else if(~valid_i)
			valid_o_r <= 1'b0;
			
	always @(posedge clk)
		if(~rst_n)
			data_o_r <= 8'b0;
		else if(valid_i)
			data_o_r <= calc;
	
	assign ready_o = ready_i;
	assign valid_o = valid_o_r;
	assign data_o = data_o_r;
endmodule

tb.v:

/*
* pipeline example
* Rill 2015-05-11
*/

module Ttb;
	reg clk;
	reg rst_n;
	reg en_i_r;
	reg [7:0] data_i_r;
	
	wire en_o;
	wire [7:0] data_o;
	wire idle;
	
	Mpipeline pipeline
	(
	.clk (clk),.en_i (en_i_r),.data_i (data_i_r),.en_o (en_o),.data_o (data_o),.idle (idle)
	);
	
	initial
		begin
			clk = 1'b0;
			rst_n = 1'b0;
			en_i_r = 1'b0;
			data_i_r = 8'b0;
			
			fork
				forever #5 clk = ~clk;
			join_none
			
			repeat(10) @(posedge clk);
			rst_n = 1'b1;
			repeat(10) @(posedge clk);
			
			@(posedge clk);
			en_i_r <= 1'b1;
			data_i_r <= 8'h1;
			
			@(posedge clk);
			en_i_r <= 1'b1;
			data_i_r <= 8'h2;
			
			@(posedge clk);
			en_i_r <= 1'b1;
			data_i_r <= 8'h3;
			
			@(posedge clk);
			en_i_r <= 1'b1;
			data_i_r <= 8'h4;

		        @(posedge clk);
			en_i_r <= 1'b0;
			data_i_r <= 8'h0;
			repeat(10) @(posedge clk);
			$finish();
		end
endmodule

2，脚本

pp.sh

#! /bin/bash


#
# pp.sh
# usage: ./pp.sh c/w/r
# Rill create 2014-09-03
#


TOP_MODULE=Ttb

export SRC_DIR=$(pwd)
tcl_file=run.tcl

if [ $# != 1 ];then
echo "args must be c/w/r"
exit 0
fi

if [ $1 == "c" ]; then
echo "compile lib..."
ncvlog -f ./vflist -sv -update -LINEDEBUG;
ncelab -delay_mode zero -access +rwc -timescale 1ns/10ps ${TOP_MODULE}
exit 0
fi


if [ -e ${tcl_file} ];then
rm ${tcl_file} -f
fi
touch ${tcl_file}

if [ $1 == "w" ];then
echo "open wave..."
echo "database -open waves -into waves.shm -default;" >> ${tcl_file}
echo "probe -shm -variable -all -depth all;" >> ${tcl_file}
echo "run" >> ${tcl_file}
echo "exit" >> ${tcl_file}
fi

if [ $1 == "w" -o $1 == "r" ];then
echo "sim start..."
ncsim  ${TOP_MODULE} -input ${tcl_file}
fi

echo "$(date) sim done!"

vflist:

-incdir ${SRC_DIR}

${SRC_DIR}/pipeline.v
${SRC_DIR}/tb.v

3，仿真结果

4，扩展

上面是一个全流水pipeline，所以所有stage的valid只要有输入就会拉高，ready信号只要下一stage的ready有效就拉高（能接收新数据）。

在实际的工作中，将calc信号换成组合逻辑云，正确处理valid_o和ready_o，即可。

5，小结

不知道pipeline还有没有更好的写法。

（编辑：李大同）

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