PostgreSQL数据库创建、删除方法

发布时间：2020-12-13 18:23:51 所属栏目：百科来源：网络整理

1.在数据库服务器安装完成后，默认有三个数据库，可以通过下面两种方法查看。

postgres=# SELECT * FROM pg_database;
  datname  | datdba | encoding | datcollate  |  datctype   | datistemplate | datallowconn | datconnlimit | datlastsysoid | datfrozenxid | dattablespace | datc
onfig |               datacl
-----------+--------+----------+-------------+-------------+---------------+--------------+--------------+---------------+--------------+---------------+-----
------+-------------------------------------
 template1 |     10 |        6 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | t             | t            |           -1 |         11563 |          648 |          1663 |
      | {=c/postgres,postgres=CTc/postgres}
 template0 |     10 |        6 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | t             | f            |           -1 |         11563 |          648 |          1663 |
      | {=c/postgres,postgres=CTc/postgres}
 postgres  |     10 |        6 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | f             | t            |           -1 |         11563 |          648 |          1663 |
      |
(3 rows)

postgres=# l
                                  List of databases
   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |  Collation  |    Ctype    |   Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                             : postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                             : postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)

postgres=#

这三个数据库均是由initdb生成的，其中template0 和template1 为数据库模板，创建时直接可以使用其克隆一个新数据库。

2. 创建方法，由什么用户创建，默认数据库owner就为此用户。

[postgres@kevin ~]$ psql postgres
psql (8.4.2)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# CREATE DATABASE pg_databse_test_1;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# l
                                      List of databases
       Name        |  Owner   | Encoding |  Collation  |    Ctype    |   Access privileges
-------------------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 pg_databse_test_1 | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 postgres          | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 template0         | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                     : postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1         | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                     : postgres=CTc/postgres
(4 rows)

postgres=#

另一种命令行创建方法：

[postgres@kevin ~]$ createdb pg_database_test_2;
[postgres@kevin ~]$ psql
psql (8.4.2)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# l
                                      List of databases
        Name        |  Owner   | Encoding |  Collation  |    Ctype    |   Access privileges
--------------------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 pg_database_test_2 | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_databse_test_1  | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 postgres           | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 template0          | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                      : postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1          | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                      : postgres=CTc/postgres
(5 rows)

postgres=#

3.为其他数据库角色创建数据库。

postgres=# du
              List of roles
   Role name    | Attributes  | Member of
----------------+-------------+-----------
 pg_test_user_3 | Create DB   | {}
 pg_test_user_4 | Create role | {}
                : Create DB
 postgres       | Superuser   | {}
                : Create role
                : Create DB

postgres=# CREATE DATABASE pg_database_3 OWNER pg_test_user_4;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# l
                                         List of databases
        Name        |     Owner      | Encoding |  Collation  |    Ctype    |   Access privileges
--------------------+----------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 pg_database_3      | pg_test_user_4 | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_database_test_2 | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_databse_test_1  | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 postgres           | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 template0          | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                            : postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1          | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                            : postgres=CTc/postgres
(6 rows)

postgres=#

命令行方法：

[postgres@kevin ~]$ createdb -O pg_test_user_3 pg_database_4;
[postgres@kevin ~]$ psql
psql (8.4.2)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# l
                                         List of databases
        Name        |     Owner      | Encoding |  Collation  |    Ctype    |   Access privileges
--------------------+----------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 pg_database_3      | pg_test_user_4 | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_database_4      | pg_test_user_3 | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_database_test_2 | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_databse_test_1  | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 postgres           | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 template0          | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                            : postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1          | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                            : postgres=CTc/postgres
(7 rows)

postgres=#

4. 使用模板数据库创建，此时，对模板的更改会引起所有基于它创建的数据库对象发生相同的变更。

postgres=# CREATE DATABASE pg_datebase_5  TEMPLATE template0; /*SQL方式*/
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# l
                                         List of databases
        Name        |     Owner      | Encoding |  Collation  |    Ctype    |   Access privileges
--------------------+----------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 pg_database_3      | pg_test_user_4 | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_database_4      | pg_test_user_3 | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_database_test_2 | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_databse_test_1  | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_datebase_5      | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 postgres           | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 template0          | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                            : postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1          | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                            : postgres=CTc/postgres
(8 rows)

postgres=# q
[postgres@kevin ~]$ createdb -T template0 pg_database_6 /*命令行方式*/
[postgres@kevin ~]$ psql
psql (8.4.2)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# l
                                         List of databases
        Name        |     Owner      | Encoding |  Collation  |    Ctype    |   Access privileges
--------------------+----------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 pg_database_3      | pg_test_user_4 | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_database_4      | pg_test_user_3 | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_database_6      | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_database_test_2 | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_databse_test_1  | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_datebase_5      | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 postgres           | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 template0          | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                            : postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1          | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                            : postgres=CTc/postgres
(9 rows)

postgres=#

5. 删除数据库。

以SQL方法删除：

postgres=# l
                                         List of databases
        Name        |     Owner      | Encoding |  Collation  |    Ctype    |   Access privileges
--------------------+----------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 pg_database_3      | pg_test_user_4 | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_database_4      | pg_test_user_3 | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_database_6      | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_database_7      | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_database_test_2 | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_databse_test_1  | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 postgres           | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 template0          | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                            : postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1          | postgres       | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                            : postgres=CTc/postgres
(9 rows)

postgres=# DROP DATABASE pg_database_3;
DROP DATABASE
postgres=# DROP DATABASE pg_database_4;
DROP DATABASE
postgres=# DROP DATABASE pg_database_6;
DROP DATABASE
postgres=# DROP DATABASE pg_database_7;
DROP DATABASE
postgres=# l
                                      List of databases
        Name        |  Owner   | Encoding |  Collation  |    Ctype    |   Access privileges
--------------------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 pg_database_test_2 | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 pg_databse_test_1  | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 postgres           | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 template0          | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                      : postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1          | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                                      : postgres=CTc/postgres
(5 rows)

postgres=#

以命令行方式删除:

postgres=# q
[postgres@kevin ~]$ dropdb pg_database_test_2
[postgres@kevin ~]$ dropdb pg_databse_test_1
[postgres@kevin ~]$ psql
psql (8.4.2)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# l
                                  List of databases
   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |  Collation  |    Ctype    |   Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 |
 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                             : postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | zh_CN.UTF-8 | zh_CN.UTF-8 | =c/postgres
                                                             : postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)

postgres=#

（编辑：李大同）

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