PostgreSQL启动过程中的那些事七:初始化共享内存和信号五:shme
pg初始化shmem,给其加上索引"ShmemIndex"后,接着就在shmem里初始化xlog。然后依次初始化clog、subtrans、twophase、multixact。安排按clog、subtrans、multixact、twophase的顺序写,把twophase放到multixact之后是因为前面三个用了相同的算法和数据结构,连起来写可以加深印象和归类记忆,本来想把初始化clog、subtrans、multixact放到一篇文章里写,因为篇幅太长还是分开了,看的时候这几篇文章可以结合起来看。
pg多事务日志管理器是一个类pg提交事务管理器,为每一个MultiXactId存事务ID数组。它是共享行锁(shared-row-lock)实现的一个基础部分。一个被共享锁锁住的元组把MultiXactId存在自己的Xmax字段里,且一个事务需要等待元组被解锁后才能睡眠/再加锁于可能由多个事务ID组成的该MultiXactId之上。 pg使用两套SLRU相关结构,一套存放偏移量,这个偏移量是在另一套SLRU相关结构里每一个MultiXactId数据的开始位置。这样的设计可以使我们保存变长事务ID数组。 和XLOG的关系:当一个新的偏移量或者成员页面被初始化为0时,MultiXact模块产生一个XLOG记录,以及定义一个新的MultiXactId时,也会产生一个XLOG记录。这样使pg可以在重做事务日志(XLOG replay)时完整重建进入的数据。因为这一点,pg不必遵循“在写数据前写WAL日志”的一般原则;只需要正确的保证在checkpoint完成之前我们把脏OFFSET和MEMBER页面(上面提到的两套SLRU相关结构的页面)刷出和同步到磁盘。在相应的WAL日志记录之前,如果一个页面做了,在使用该页面之前,这个页面肯定会被强制归0。因此,pg不需要用LSN信息标记内存页面;pg已经有了足够的同步。 像事务提交日志(CLOG)一样,但不像子事务(subtrans),pg必须保存跨越崩溃/崩溃恢复的状态且保证MultiXactId和偏移量数字在跨越破溃/破溃恢复时单调增长。Pg用和事务ID同样的方式保证这一点:WAL日志记录保证包含每一个MXID的证据,我们不要担心这个,我们只需要确保在恢复时重放事务日志结束的时候,下一个MXID和下一个偏移量计数器至少是在重放日志中相应最大的就可以了。
上面概述了MultiXact,下来我们看方法调用流程
1先上个图,看一下函数调用过程梗概,中间略过部分细节
初始化MultiXact方法调用流程图
2初始化xlog相关结构 说main()->…->PostmasterMain()->…->reset_shared()-> CreateSharedMemoryAndSemaphores()->…-> MultiXactShmemInit(),初始化MultiXact事务相关数据结构MultiXactOffsetCtl、MultiXactMemberCtl、MultiXactState等,用作内存里管理和缓存MultiXact事务日志文件(存放在"data/pg_multixact/offsets"和"data/pg_multixact/members"文件夹里的文件)。 MultiXactShmemInit ()->SimpleLruInit()->ShmemInitStruct(),在其中调用hash_search()在哈希表索引"ShmemIndex"中查找" MultiXactOffset Ctl",如果没有,就在shmemIndex中给" MultiXactOffset Ctl "分一个HashElement和ShmemIndexEnt(entry),在其中的Entry中写上"MultiXactOffset Ctl"。返回ShmemInitStruct(),再调用ShmemAlloc()在共享内存上给" MultiXactOffset Ctl"相关结构(见下面“MultiXact相关结构图”)分配空间,设置entry(在这儿及ShmemIndexEnt类型变量)的成员location指向该空间,size成员记录该空间大小,最后返回MultiXactShmemInit (),让SlruCtlData *类型全局变量MultiXactOffsetCtl指向SlruCtlData 类型静态全局变量MultiXactOffsetCtlData,MultiXactOffsetCtlData的起始地址就是在shmem里给"MultiXactOffset Ctl"相关结构分配的内存起始地址,设置其中SubTransCtlData结构类型的成员值。 接着MultiXactShmemInit ()->SimpleLruInit()->ShmemInitStruct(),在其中调用hash_search()在哈希表索引"ShmemIndex"中查找"MultiXactMember Ctl",如果没有,就在shmemIndex中给"MultiXactMember Ctl "分一个HashElement和ShmemIndexEnt(entry),在其中的Entry中写上"MultiXactMember Ctl"。返回ShmemInitStruct(),再调用ShmemAlloc()在共享内存上给"MultiXactMember Ctl"相关结构(见下面“MultiXact相关结构图”)分配空间,设置entry(在这儿及ShmemIndexEnt类型变量)的成员location指向该空间,size成员记录该空间大小,最后返回MultiXactShmemInit (),让SlruCtlData *类型全局变量MultiXactMemberCtl指向SlruCtlData 类型静态全局变量MultiXactMemberCtlData,MultiXactMemberCtlData的起始地址就是在shmem里给"MultiXactMember Ctl"相关结构分配的内存起始地址,设置其中SubTransCtlData结构类型的成员值。 然后调用ShmemInitStruct(),在其中调用hash_search()在哈希表索引"ShmemIndex"中查找"Shared MultiXact State",如果没有,就在shmemIndex中给" Shared MultiXact State"分一个HashElement和ShmemIndexEnt(entry),在其中的Entry中写上"Shared MultiXact State"。返回ShmemInitStruct(),再调用ShmemAlloc()在共享内存上给"Shared MultiXact State"相关结构(见下面“MultiXact相关结构图”)分配空间,设置entry(在这儿及ShmemIndexEnt类型变量)的成员location指向该空间,size成员记录该空间大小,最后返回MultiXactShmemInit (),让MultiXactStateData *类型全局静态变量MultiXactState指向MultiXactStateData结构实例,MultiXactStateData的起始地址就是在shmem里给"Shared MultiXact State"相关结构分配的内存起始地址,设置其中MultiXactStateData结构类型的成员值。 相关变量、结构定义和初始化完成后数据结构图在下面。
static MT_LOCAL SlruCtlData MultiXactOffsetCtlData; static MT_LOCAL SlruCtlData MultiXactMemberCtlData;
#define MultiXactOffsetCtl (&MultiXactOffsetCtlData) #define MultiXactMemberCtl (&MultiXactMemberCtlData)
typedef struct SlruCtlData { SlruShared shared;
/* * This flag tells whether to fsync writes(true for pg_clog,false for * pg_subtrans). */ bool do_fsync;
/* * Decide which of two page numbers is"older" for truncation purposes. We * need to use comparison of TransactionIdshere in order to do the right * thing with wraparound XID arithmetic. */ bool (*PagePrecedes)(int,int);
/* * Dir is set during SimpleLruInit and does notchange thereafter. Since * it's always the same,it doesn't need to bein shared memory. */ char Dir[64]; } SlruCtlData;
typedef SlruCtlData *SlruCtl;
/* * Shared-memorystate */ typedef struct SlruSharedData { LWLockId ControlLock;
/* Number of buffers managed by this SLRU structure */ int num_slots;
/* * Arrays holding info for each bufferslot. Page number is undefined * when status is EMPTY,as is page_lru_count. */ char **page_buffer; SlruPageStatus*page_status; bool *page_dirty; int *page_number; int *page_lru_count; LWLockId *buffer_locks;
/*---------- * We mark a page "most recentlyused" by setting * page_lru_count[slotno]= ++cur_lru_count; * The oldest page is therefore the one withthe highest value of * cur_lru_count- page_lru_count[slotno] * The counts will eventually wrap around,butthis calculation still * works as long as no page's age exceedsINT_MAX counts. *---------- */ int cur_lru_count;
/* * latest_page_number is the page number of thecurrent end of the log; * this is not critical data,since we use itonly to avoid swapping out * the latest page. */ int latest_page_number; } SlruSharedData;
typedef SlruSharedData *SlruShared;
static MultiXactStateData *MultiXactState; typedef structMultiXactStateData { /* next-to-be-assigned MultiXactId */ MultiXactIdnextMXact;
/* next-to-be-assigned offset */ MultiXactOffsetnextOffset;
/* the Offset SLRU area was last truncated at thisMultiXactId */ MultiXactIdlastTruncationPoint;
/* * Per-backend data starts here. We have two arrays stored in the area * immediately following the MultiXactStateDatastruct. Each is indexed by * BackendId.(Note: valid BackendIds run from 1 to MaxBackends; element * zero of each array is never used.) * * OldestMemberMXactId[k] is the oldestMultiXactId each backend's current * transaction(s) could possibly be a memberof,or InvalidMultiXactId * when the backend has no live transactionthat could possibly be a * member of a MultiXact. Each backend sets its entry to the current * nextMXact counter just before firstacquiring a shared lock in a given * transaction,and clears it at transactionend. (This works because only * during or after acquiring a shared lockcould an XID possibly become a * member of a MultiXact,and that MultiXactwould have to be created * during or after the lock acquisition.) * * OldestVisibleMXactId[k] is the oldestMultiXactId each backend's * current transaction(s) think is potentiallylive,or InvalidMultiXactId * when not in a transaction or not in atransaction that's paid any * attention to MultiXacts yet. This is computed when first needed in a * given transaction,and cleared attransaction end. We can compute it * as the minimum of the validOldestMemberMXactId[] entries at the time * we compute it (using nextMXact if none arevalid). Each backend is * required not to attempt to access any SLRUdata for MultiXactIds older * than its own OldestVisibleMXactId[] setting;this is necessary because * the checkpointer could truncate away suchdata at any instant. * * The checkpointer can compute the safetruncation point as the oldest * valid value among all theOldestMemberMXactId[] and * OldestVisibleMXactId[] entries,or nextMXactif none are valid. * Clearly,it is not possible for anylater-computed OldestVisibleMXactId * value to be older than this,and so there isno risk of truncating data * that is still needed. */ MultiXactIdperBackendXactIds[1]; /* VARIABLE LENGTH ARRAY */ } MultiXactStateData;
下面看看初始化完"MultiXactOffset Ctl"、"MultiXactOffset Ctl"及"Shared MultiXact State"相关结构后在内存中的结构图
初始化完MultiXact相关结构的内存结构图 为了精简上图,把创建shmem的哈希表索引"ShmemIndex"时创建的HCTL结构删掉了,这个结构的作用是记录创建可扩展哈希表的相关信息。增加了左边灰色底的部分,描述共享内存/shmem里各变量物理布局概览,由下往上,由低地址到高地址。其中的"MultiXactCtl"相关机构即MultiXactOffsetCtl和MultiXactMemberCtl的相关结构图下面分别给出,要不上面的图太大太复杂了。
MultiXact相关结构图 (编辑:李大同) 【声明】本站内容均来自网络,其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点,不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利,请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |