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Table 9-2. Mathematical Operators
| Operator |
Description |
Example |
Result |
| + |
addition |
2 + 3 |
5 |
| - |
subtraction |
2 - 3 |
-1 |
| * |
multiplication |
2 * 3 |
6 |
| / |
division (integer division truncates the result) |
4 / 2 |
2 |
| % |
modulo (remainder) |
5 % 4 |
1 |
| ^ |
exponentiation |
2.0 ^ 3.0 |
8 |
| |/ |
square root |
|/ 25.0 |
5 |
| ||/ |
cube root |
||/ 27.0 |
3 |
| ! |
factorial |
5 ! |
120 |
| !! |
factorial (prefix operator) |
!! 5 |
120 |
| @ |
absolute value |
@ -5.0 |
5 |
| & |
bitwise AND |
91 & 15 |
11 |
| | |
bitwise OR |
32 | 3 |
35 |
| # |
bitwise XOR |
17 # 5 |
20 |
| ~ |
bitwise NOT |
~1 |
-2 |
| << |
bitwise shift left |
1 << 4 |
16 |
| >> |
bitwise shift right |
8 >> 2 |
2 |
Table 9-3. Mathematical Functions
| Function |
Return Type |
Description |
Example |
Result |
abs(x) |
(same as input) |
absolute value |
abs(-17.4) |
17.4 |
cbrt(dp) |
dp |
cube root |
cbrt(27.0) |
3 |
ceil(dp or numeric) |
(same as input) |
smallest integer not less than argument |
ceil(-42.8) |
-42 |
ceiling(dp or numeric) |
(same as input) |
smallest integer not less than argument (alias for ceil) |
ceiling(-95.3) |
-95 |
degrees(dp) |
dp |
radians to degrees |
degrees(0.5) |
28.6478897565412 |
div(y numeric,x numeric) |
numeric |
integer quotient of y/x |
div(9,4) |
2 |
exp(dp or numeric) |
(same as input) |
exponential |
exp(1.0) |
2.71828182845905 |
floor(dp or numeric) |
(same as input) |
largest integer not greater than argument |
floor(-42.8) |
-43 |
ln(dp or numeric) |
(same as input) |
natural logarithm |
ln(2.0) |
0.693147180559945 |
log(dp or numeric) |
(same as input) |
base 10 logarithm |
log(100.0) |
2 |
log(b numeric,x numeric) |
numeric |
logarithm to base b |
log(2.0,64.0) |
6.0000000000 |
mod(y, x) |
(same as argument types) |
remainder of y/x |
mod(9,4) |
1 |
pi() |
dp |
"π" constant |
pi() |
3.14159265358979 |
power(a dp,b dp) |
dp |
a raised to the power of b |
power(9.0,3.0) |
729 |
power(a numeric,b numeric) |
numeric |
a raised to the power of b |
power(9.0,3.0) |
729 |
radians(dp) |
dp |
degrees to radians |
radians(45.0) |
0.785398163397448 |
random() |
dp |
random value in the range 0.0 <= x < 1.0 |
random() |
|
round(dp or numeric) |
(same as input) |
round to nearest integer |
round(42.4) |
42 |
round(v numeric,s int) |
numeric |
round to s decimal places |
round(42.4382,2) |
42.44 |
setseed(dp) |
void |
set seed for subsequent random() calls (value between -1.0 and 1.0,inclusive) |
setseed(0.54823) |
|
sign(dp or numeric) |
(same as input) |
sign of the argument (-1,+1) |
sign(-8.4) |
-1 |
sqrt(dp or numeric) |
(same as input) |
square root |
sqrt(2.0) |
1.4142135623731 |
trunc(dp or numeric) |
(same as input) |
truncate toward zero |
trunc(42.8) |
42 |
trunc(v numeric,s int) |
numeric |
truncate to s decimal places |
trunc(42.4382,2) |
42.43 |
width_bucket(op numeric,b1 numeric,b2 numeric, count int) |
int |
return the bucket to which operand would be assigned in an equidepth histogram with count buckets,in the range b1 to b2 |
width_bucket(5.35,0.024,10.06,5) |
3 |
width_bucket(op dp,b1 dp,b2 dp,count int) |
int |
return the bucket to which operand would be assigned in an equidepth histogram with count buckets,5) |
3 |
Table 9-4. Trigonometric Functions
| Function |
Description |
acos(x) |
inverse cosine |
asin(x) |
inverse sine |
atan(x) |
inverse tangent |
atan2(y,x) |
inverse tangent of y/x |
cos(x) |
cosine |
cot(x) |
cotangent |
sin(x) |
sine |
tan(x) |
tangent |
（编辑：李大同）
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