SQLite现在的版本还不支持外键功能,虽然外键约束会被解析,但执行的时候被忽略。但我们可以手动实现外键,实现的原理就是触发器。下面是我的实现方法。主要是针对一个例子: 先看下面两个表。 CREATE TABLE PLU (PluID integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, Name text NOT NULL, Property text, Price double NOT NULL, Left integer NOT NULL, Department text, Other text);
CREATE TABLE PluSuit (SuitID integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, PluID integer NOT NULL CONSTRAINT fk_plu_id REFERENCES PLU(PluID) ON DELETE CASCADE, Numbers integer NOT NULL) 这样就为PluSuit表建立对PLU表的外键约束,这样就可以实现CORE2数据需求中的要求,问题是SQLite不执行这个约束,所以这样创建以后,我们还要再创建三个触发器,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE触发器:
BEFORE INSERT ON PluSuit FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ROLLBACK,'insert on table "PluSuit" violates foreign key constraint "fk_plu_id"') WHERE (SELECT PluID FROM PLU WHERE PluID = NEW.PluID) IS NULL; END;
BEFORE UPDATE ON PluSuit FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SELECT RAISE(ROLLBACK,'update on table "PluSuit" violates foreign key constraint "fk_plu_id"') WHERE (SELECT PluID FROM PLU WHERE PluID = NEW.PluID) IS NULL; END;
CREATE TRIGGER fkd_plusuit_pluid BEFORE DELETE ON PLU FOR EACH ROW BEGIN DELETE from PluSuit WHERE PluID = OLD.PluID; END;
下面我们分别来作三个实验: 一、插入实验 首先我们在PLU里面插入一个数据(一双anta运动鞋的信息): insert into PLU values(1,'anta','sport',299,100,'sales','ok'); insert into PLU values(3,'nike',699,200,'ok'); 然后我们开始在PluSuit里面插入一个数据(两双一起打折卖): insert into PluSuit values(100,350,'old',1,2);成功了 insert into PluSuit values(100,2,2);失败,得到正确的错误信息
更新实验 update PluSuit set PluID=2 where SuitID=100;失败,得到正确的错误信息 update PluSuit set PluID=3 where SuitID=100;成功
删除实验 delete from PLU where PluID=1; 查看PluSuit中数据被正确删除。 实验结果,触发器的实现完全正确。 (编辑:李大同)
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