基于Oracle闪回详解(必看篇)
Oracle 9i 开始支持闪回,Oracle10g开始全面支持闪回功能,Oracle11g有所完善,为大家快速的恢复数据,查询历史数据提供了很大的便捷方法。 本文主要对Oracle常用闪回使用做些详细介绍,其中对于不常用的事务和版本闪回,这里就不做介绍 一、Oracle闪回概述
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二、Oracle闪回使用详解
1、闪回开启
(1)开启闪回必要条件
a.开启归档日志
archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /home/U01/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/arch Oldest online log sequence 844 Next log sequence to archive 846 Current log sequence 846如未开启,在mount状态执行alter database archivelog;
b.设置合理的闪回区
db_recovery_file_dest:指定闪回恢复区的位置
db_recovery_file_dest_size:指定闪回恢复区的可用空间大小
db_flashback_retention_target:指定数据库可以回退的时间,单位为分钟,默认1440分钟(1天),实际取决于闪回区大小
(2)检查是否开启闪回
select flashback_on from v$database; FLASHBACK_ON ------------------ NO(3)开启闪回
a.开启归档
b.设置闪回区
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/home/U01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area' scope=both; System altered. SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=60G scope=both; System altered. SQL> alter system set db_flashback_retention_target=4320 scope=both; System altered.c.开启flashback (10g在mount开启)
alter database flashback on; Database altered.(4)确定闪回开启
select flashback_on from v$database; FLASHBACK_ON ------------------ YES(5)关闭闪回
alter database flashback off; Database altered.2、闪回使用
(1)闪回查询
闪回查询主要是根据Undo表空间数据进行多版本查询,针对v$和x$动态性能视图无效,但对DBA_、ALL_、USER_是有效的
a.闪回查询
允许用户查询过去某个时间点的数据,用以重构由于意外删除或更改的数据,数据不会变化。
select * from scott.dept; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------- ------------- ACCOUNTING NEW YORK RESEARCH DALLAS SALES CHICAGO OPERATIONS BOSTON SQL> delete from scott.dept where deptno=40; row deleted. SQL> commit; Commit complete. SQL> select * from scott.dept as of timestamp sysdate-10/1440;DEPTNO DNAME LOC
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> select * from scott.dept as of timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> select * from scott.dept as of scn 16801523;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON
b.闪回版本查询
用于查询行级数据库随时间变化的方法
c.闪回事务查询
用于提供查看事务级别数据库变化的方法
(2)闪回表(update/insert/delete)
闪回表就是对表的数据做回退,回退到之前的某个时间点,其利用的是undo的历史数据,与undo_retention设置有关,默认是14400分钟(1天)
同样,sys用户表空间不支持闪回表,要想表闪回,需要允许表启动行迁移(row movement)
闪回表示例:
flashback table scott.dept to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'); flashback table scott.dept to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') ERROR at line 1: ORA-08189: cannot flashback the table because row movement is not enabledSQL> select row_movement from dba_tables where table_name='DEPT' and owner='SCOTT';
ROW_MOVE
DISABLED
SQL> alter table scott.dept enable row movement;
Table altered.
SQL> flashback table scott.dept to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
Flashback complete.
SQL> select * from scott.dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> alter table scott.dept disable row movement;
Table altered.
(3)闪回DROP(drop table)
当一个表被drop掉,表会被放入recyclebin回收站,可通过回收站做表的闪回。表上的索引、约束等同样会被恢复
不支持sys/system用户表空间对象,可通过alter system set recyclebin=off;关闭回收站功能
闪回DROP示例:
select * from t ;ID NAME
2
4
SQL> drop table t;
Table dropped.
SQL> show recyclebin;
ORIGINAL NAME RECYCLEBIN NAME OBJECT TYPE DROP TIME
T BIN$YEh2QcvZdJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==$0 TABLE 2017-12-14:15:02:06
SQL> flashback table t to before drop;
Flashback complete.
SQL> select * from t;
ID NAME
2
4
备注:即使不开始flashback,只要开启了recyclebin,那么就可以闪回DROP表。
但如果连续覆盖,就需要指定恢复的表名,如果已经存在表,则需要恢复重命名。
show recyclebin; ORIGINAL NAME RECYCLEBIN NAME OBJECT TYPE DROP TIME ---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ ------------------- T BIN$YEh2QcvddJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==$0 TABLE 2017-12-14:15:07:54 T BIN$YEh2QcvcdJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==$0 TABLE 2017-12-14:15:07:27 SQL> flashback table "BIN$YEh2QcvcdJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==$0" to before drop ; Flashback complete. SQL> show recyclebin; ORIGINAL NAME RECYCLEBIN NAME OBJECT TYPE DROP TIME ---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ ------------------- T BIN$YEh2QcvddJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==$0 TABLE 2017-12-14:15:07:54 SQL> flashback table t to before drop rename to tt; Flashback complete.(4)闪回数据库(truncate/多表数据变更)
数据库闪回必须在mounted状态下进行,基于快照的可以再open下进行闪回库
闪回数据库主要是将数据库还原值过去的某个时间点或SCN,用于数据库出现逻辑错误时,需要open database resetlogs
a.全库闪回
数据库闪回示例
select * from scott.EMP;EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00 800 20
ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00 1600 300 30
WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00 1250 500 30
JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00 2975 20
MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00 1250 1400 30
BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00 2850 30
CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00 2450 10
SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00 3000 20
KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 00:00:00 5000 10
TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00 1500 0 30
ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00 1100 20
JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00 950 30
FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00 3000 20
MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00 1300 10
rows selected.
SQL> truncate table scott.EMP;
Table truncated.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 9.4067E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2263936 bytes
Variable Size 9395242112 bytes
Database Buffers 8.4557E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 112766976 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> flashback database to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 14:12:46','yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS');
Flashback complete.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00 800 20
ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00 1600 300 30
WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00 1250 500 30
JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00 2975 20
MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00 1250 1400 30
BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00 2850 30
CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00 2450 10
SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00 3000 20
KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 00:00:00 5000 10
TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00 1500 0 30
ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00 1100 20
JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00 950 30
FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00 3000 20
MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00 1300 10
rows selected.
b.快照闪回
针对主库和备库都可以创建闪回快照点,然后恢复到指定的快照点,但主库一旦恢复到快照点,备库的同步则需要重新同步
select * from scott.dept;DEPTNO DNAME LOC ADDR
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
SQL> create restore point before_201712151111 guarantee flashback database;
Restore point created.
SQL> create table scott.t as select * from scott.dept;
Table created.
SQL> truncate table scott.t;
Table truncated.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 9.4067E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2263936 bytes
Variable Size 9663677568 bytes
Database Buffers 8.4289E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 112766976 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> flashback database to restore point before_201712151111;
Flashback complete.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
此时主库scott.t已不存在:
SQL> select from scott.t;
select from scott.t
- ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
此时从库的scott.依旧存在,主备同步终止
解决方案:在主库创建快照时间点,从库自动停止应用日志,等主库闪回后,重新应用日志即可。
如果已经做了上述操作,从库可以选择重建
ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/xx/xx/archive.dbf';c.闪回snapshot standby
此功能在11GR2非常实用,可自动创建闪回点、开启闪回日志,可完成线上数据测试后,然后做数据库闪回恢复主备关系
SQL> set line 200;
SQL> set pagesize 2000;
SQL> select database_role,flashback_on from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE DB_UNIQUE_NAME FLASHBACK_ON
PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY testdbms NO
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TO SNAPSHOT STANDBY;
Database altered.
SQL> select database_role,flashback_on from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE DB_UNIQUE_NAME FLASHBACK_ON
SNAPSHOT STANDBY MOUNTED testdbms RESTORE POINT ONLY
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
READ WRITE
此时备库操作:
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00 800 20
ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00 1600 300 30
WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00 1250 500 30
JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00 2975 20
MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00 1250 1400 30
BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00 2850 30
CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00 2450 10
SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00 3000 20
KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 00:00:00 5000 10
TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00 1500 0 30
ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00 1100 20
JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00 950 30
FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00 3000 20
MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00 1300 10
rows selected.
SQL> truncate table scott.emp;
Table truncated.
主库操作:
SQL> create table scott.t as select * from scott.dept;
Table created.
SQL> select * from scott.t;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC ADDR
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
备库恢复到物理standby
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 9.4067E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2263936 bytes
Variable Size 9663677568 bytes
Database Buffers 8.4289E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 112766976 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;
Database altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup ;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 9.4067E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2263936 bytes
Variable Size 9663677568 bytes
Database Buffers 8.4289E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 112766976 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
此时备库的数据已经恢复到转变snapshot standby时间点
SQL> select database_role,flashback_on from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE DB_UNIQUE_NAME FLASHBACK_ON
PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY testdbms NO
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00 800 20
ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00 1600 300 30
WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00 1250 500 30
JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00 2975 20
MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00 1250 1400 30
BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00 2850 30
CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00 2450 10
SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00 3000 20
KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 00:00:00 5000 10
TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00 1500 0 30
ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00 1100 20
JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00 950 30
FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00 3000 20
MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00 1300 10
rows selected.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from scott.t;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC ADDR
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
SQL> select database_role,flashback_on from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE DB_UNIQUE_NAME FLASHBACK_ON
PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY WITH APPLY testdbms NO
(5)闪回归档(增加、修改、重命名、删除表的列、truncate表、修改表的约束、以及修改分区表的分区规范)
3、闪回注意事项
(1)数据库闪回需要在mounted下进行,并且open时需要使用resetlogs
(2)闪回DROP只能用于非系统表空间和本地管理的表空间,外键约束无法恢复,对方覆盖、重命名需注意
(3)表DROP,对应的物化视图会被彻底删除,物化视图不会存放在recyclebin里
(4)闪回表,如果在做过dml,然后进行了表结构修改、truncate等DDL操作,新增/删除结构无法做闪回
(5)闪回归档,必须在assm管理tablespace和undo auto管理下进行
(6)注意闪回区管理,防止磁盘爆满,闪回区空间不足等
(7)主库做库的闪回,会影响备库,需要重新同步
(8)snapshot standby 不支持最高保护模式
三、备注
1、相关数据字典
V$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOG ##查看数据库可闪回的时间点/SCN等信息 V$flashback_database_stat ##查看闪回日志空间记录信息
2、常用查询语句
(1)查看数据库状态
select NAME,OPEN_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE,CURRENT_SCN,FLASHBACK_ON from v$database;NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE CURRENT_SCN FLASHBACK_ON
TESTDB READ WRITE PRIMARY 16812246 YES
(2)获取当前数据库的系统时间和SCN
select to_char(systimestamp,'yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS') as sysdt,dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number scn from dual;SYSDT SCN
2017-12-14 14:28:33 16813234
(3)查看数据库可恢复的时间点
select * from V$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOG;OLDEST_FLASHBACK_SCN OLDEST_FLASHBACK_TI RETENTION_TARGET FLASHBACK_SIZE ESTIMATED_FLASHBACK_SIZE
16801523 2017-12-14 11:35:05 4320 104857600 244113408
(4)查看闪回日志空间情况
select * from V$flashback_database_stat; BEGIN_TIME END_TIME FLASHBACK_DATA DB_DATA REDO_DATA ESTIMATED_FLASHBACK_SIZE ------------------- ------------------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------ 2017-12-14 14:34:53 2017-12-14 14:56:43 1703936 9977856 1487872 0(5)SCN和timestamp装换关系查询
(6)查看闪回restore_point
(7)闪回语句
a.闪回数据库
b.闪回DROP
其中table_name可以是删除表名称,也可以是别名
c.闪回表
d.闪回查询
e.闪回快照
flashback database to restore point before_201712151111;(7)闪回空间爆满问题处理
请参照
以上这篇基于Oracle闪回详解(必看篇)就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持编程之家。
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