Oracle RAC 搭建笔记

发布时间：2020-12-12 16:17:31 所属栏目：百科来源：网络整理

导读：smartrac1 smartrac2 223.223.80.71 223.223.80.72 16.16.16.1 16.16.16.2 1.VBox5.0 安装和下载（略） 2. 先各自安装RHEL6.8，进入系统后关机。 3.创建一个磁盘为固定大小磁盘，设置为共享属性，附加到2个虚机中即可。 4. 再启动两个虚机客户端。 VMware 的

smartrac1 smartrac2 223.223.80.71 223.223.80.72 16.16.16.1 16.16.16.2

1.VBox5.0 安装和下载（略） 2. 先各自安装RHEL6.8，进入系统后关机。 3.创建一个磁盘为固定大小磁盘，设置为共享属性，附加到2个虚机中即可。 4. 再启动两个虚机客户端。
VMware 的模拟硬件环境搭建:(类似，只是共享盘需要用命令) C:ProgramFiles(x86)VMwareVMwareWorkstation> vmware-vdiskmanager.exe-c-s10240M-alslogic-t2"C:ShareDisksharedisk-1.vmdk" C:ProgramFiles(x86)VMwareVMwareWorkstation>vmware-vdiskmanager.exe-c-s10240M-alslogic-t2"C:ShareDisksharedisk-2.vmdk"
vmware-vdiskmanager.exe-c-s10240M-alslogic-t2"C:ShareDisksharedisk-3.vmdk"
vmware-vdiskmanager.exe-c-s10240M-alslogic-t2"C:ShareDisksharedisk-4.vmdk"
更改VMX文件。 disk.locking="FALSE" scsi0:1.SharedBus="Virtual" scsi0:2.SharedBus="Virtual" scsi0:3.SharedBus="Virtual" scsi0:4.SharedBus="Virtual" disk.EnableUUID="TRUE"

5. 配置HOST: [ root@rac1etc]# vim /etc/hosts #127.0.0.1localhostlocalhost.localdomainlocalhost4localhost4.localdomain4rac1.sdsmart.cnrac1 --- 一定要注释掉 #::1localhostlocalhost.localdomainlocalhost6localhost6.localdomain6rac1.sdsmart.cnrac1--- 一定要注释掉 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost #Public 223.223.83.110 rac1 223.223.83.112 rac2 #Private 16.16.16.1 rac1-pri 16.16.16.2 rac2-pri #Virtual 223.223.83.90 rac1-vip 223.223.83.92 rac2-vip #SCAN 223.223.83.99 rac-scan
6.配置sysctl.conf (固定不变的) vim /etc/sysctl.conf fs.aio-max-nr=1048576 fs.file-max=6815744 kernel.shmmni=4096 kernel.sem=25032000100128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=900065500 net.core.rmem_default=262144 net.core.rmem_max=4194304 net.core.wmem_default=262144 net.core.wmem_max=1048586 执行 #/sbin/sysctl–p
7.修改/etc/security/limits.conf vim /etc/security/limits.conf gridsoftnproc2047 gridhardnproc16384 gridsoftnofile1024 gridhardnofile65536 gridsoftstack10240 gridhardstack32768 oraclesoftnproc2047 oraclehardnproc16384 oraclesoftnofile1024 oraclehardnofile65536 oraclesoftstack10240 oraclehardstack32768
8.修改/etc/pam.d/login vim /etc/pam.d/login sessionrequiredpam_limits.so
9.禁止网络时间服务、防火墙 servicentpdstop chkconfigntpdoff
serviceiptablesstop chkconfigiptablesoff
10.关闭SELinux vi/etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled

11. 创建用户、组和文件路径 groupadd-g1100oinstall
groupadd-g1200asmadmin
groupadd-g1101dba
groupadd-g1102oper
groupadd-g1201asmdba
groupadd-g1202asmoper
useradd-u1100-goinstall-Gdba,oper,asmdba-d/home/oracle-moracle

useradd-u1200-goinstall-Gasmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba-d/home/grid-mgrid

--rm /var/spool/mail/oracle --userdel-roracle
useradd-u1100-goinstall-Gdba,asmdba-d/home/oracle-moracle usermod-u1100-goinstall-Gdba,asmdba-d/home/oracle-moracle
useradd-u1200-goinstall-Gasmadmin,dba-d/home/grid-mgrid usermod-u1200-goinstall-Gasmadmin,dba-d/home/grid-mgrid
12.创建目录授权 mkdir-p/u01/app/grid mkdir-p/u01/app/11.2.0/grid mkdir-p/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 mkdir-p/orasoft/ora11g
--更改属主,权限 chown-Rgrid:oinstall/u01/app chown-Roracle:oinstall/u01/app/oracle chown-Rgrid:oinstall/orasoft/ora11g chmod-R777/orasoft/ora11g
13.RPM包: cd /media/ RHEL-6.8Server.x86_64 /Packages rpm-Uvhbinutils-2.* rpm-Uvhcompat-libstdc++-33* rpm-Uvhelfutils-libelf-0.* rpm-Uvhelfutils-libelf-devel-* rpm-Uvhgcc-4.* rpm-Uvhgcc-c++-4.* rpm-Uvhglibc-2.* rpm-Uvhglibc-common-2.* rpm-Uvhglibc-devel-2.* rpm-Uvhglibc-headers-2.* rpm-Uvhksh-2* rpm-Uvhlibaio-0.* rpm-Uvhlibaio-devel-0.* rpm-Uvhlibgcc-4.* rpm-Uvhlibstdc++-4.* rpm-Uvhlibstdc++-devel-4.* rpm-Uvhmake-3.* rpm-Uvhsysstat-7.* rpm-UvhunixODBC-2.* rpm-UvhunixODBC-devel-2.*

14.搭建YUM本地仓库 [ root@rac1mnt]#cp-rf/media/RHEL-6.8Server.x86_64/ /mnt/ [ root@rac1mnt]# mv /mnt/RHEL-6.8Server.x86_64 /mnt/
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ vim vimrhel-source.repo name=RedHatEnterpriseLinux$releasever-$basearch-Source #baseurl= ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/$releasever/en/os/SRPM S/ baseurl=file:///mnt/redhat/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
保存后，执行 yum makecache yum install binutils yum install compat-libstdc++-33* yum install elfutils-libelf-0.* yum install elfutils-libelf-devel-* yum install gcc-4.* yum install gcc-c++-4.* yum install glibc-2.* yum install glibc-common-2.* yum install glibc-devel-2.* yum install glibc-headers-2.* yum install ksh-2* yum install libaio-0.* yum install libaio-devel-0.* yum install libgcc-4.* yum install libstdc++-4.* yum install libstdc++-devel-4.* yum install make-3.* yum install sysstat-7.* yum install unixODBC-2.* yum install unixODBC-devel-2.*

15.建立用户环境变量 --grid 用户 ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid;exportORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid;exportORACLE_HOME GRID_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid;exportGRID_HOME ORACLE_SID=+ASM2;exportORACLE_SID TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;exportTNS_ADMIN PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch;exportPATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib exportCLASSPATH THREADS_FLAG=native;exportTHREADS_FLAG exportTEMP=/tmp exportTMPDIR=/tmp exportNLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DDHH24:MI:SS"
if[$USER="oracle"]||[$USER="grid"];then if[$SHELL="/bin/ksh"];then ulimit-p16384 ulimit-n65536 else ulimit-u16384-n65536 fi fi
--oracle 用户红字部分（rac1 改为 rac1的数据库实例名,rac2 改为 rac2 的数据库实例名) ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;exportORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1;exportORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID= gnnt2;exportORACLE_SID TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;exportTNS_ADMIN PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch;exportPATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib exportCLASSPATH THREADS_FLAG=native;exportTHREADS_FLAG exportTEMP=/tmp exportTMPDIR=/tmp exportNLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8 exportNLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DDHH24:MI:SS"
if[$USER="oracle"]||[$USER="grid"];then if[$SHELL="/bin/ksh"];then ulimit-p16384 ulimit-n65536 else ulimit-u16384-n65536 fi fi
16.建立SSH认证(oracle/grid) 非常重要 visshx(在oracle/grid下均建立此脚本) mkdir-p~/.ssh chmod-R755~/.ssh /usr/bin/ssh-keygen-trsa /usr/bin/ssh-keygen-tdsa cat~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub>>~/.ssh/authorized_keys cat~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub>>~/.ssh/authorized_keys echo-n"waitanotherhost$1runfinish,presstwicekeycontinue!!!" reada reada ssh$1cat~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub>>~/.ssh/authorized_keys ssh$1cat~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub>>~/.ssh/authorized_keys chmod-R644~/.ssh/authorized_keys
--授权 chmod 755 ~/sshx
建立完毕后互相测试是否不需要密码认证非常重要 ssh rac1.sdsmart.cn date sshrac2.sdsmart.cndate sshrac1 date ssh rac2 date sshrac1-pri.sdsmart.cn date sshrac2-pri.sdsmart.cn date sshrac1-pub.sdsmart.cn date sshrac2-pub.sdsmart.cn date
17.设置时间同步 vi/etc/ntp.conf server10.135.8.100prefer 也可以本地设定日期时间： $date-s'2016-07-11 16:55:00'

如果仅需要设置日期或者时间，可以使用date -d mm/dd/yy及date -s hh:mm:ss。

18.创建UDEV --- 创建个文件 echo"options=--whitelisted--replace-whitespace">>/etc/scsi_id.config ---添加RULE --5块硬盘(/dev/sdb sdc sdd sde sdf) foriinbcd e ; do echo"KERNEL=="sd*",BUS=="scsi",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="`/sbin/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/sd$i`",NAME="asm-disk$i",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"">>/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules done
查看结果如下： cat/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules rm/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules --检查是否可写 ddif=/dev/sdbof=/dev/nullbs=1Mcount=1

19. 启动UDEV /sbin/start_udev
[ root@rac1rules.d]#cat99-oracle-asmdevices.rules KERNEL=="sd*",BUS=="scsi",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB1faf0bb4-32ab5fcf",NAME="asm-diskb",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sd*",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB1cab8d6b-307a9107",NAME="asm-diskc",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBac63a170-a1d9ad9d",NAME="asm-diskd",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBd1c2dd31-a66738c5",NAME="asm-diske",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB445d4c5e-9312d88b",NAME="asm-diskf",MODE="0660" [ root@rac1rules.d]#ls-l/dev/asm* ls:cannotaccess/dev/asm*:Nosuchfileordirectory [ root@rac1rules.d]# [ root@rac1rules.d]# [ root@rac1rules.d]# [ root@rac1rules.d]#start_udev Startingudev:[OK] [ root@rac1rules.d]# ls-l/dev/asm* brw-rw----1gridasmadmin8,16Jul710:27/dev/asm-diskb brw-rw----1gridasmadmin8,32Jul710:27/dev/asm-diskc brw-rw----1gridasmadmin8,48Jul710:27/dev/asm-diskd brw-rw----1gridasmadmin8,64Jul710:27/dev/asm-diske brw-rw----1gridasmadmin8,80Jul710:27/dev/asm-diskf [ root@rac1rules.d]#
20.rz传输压缩包，解压缩 ###grid用户 unzipp13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip ###oracle用户 unzipp13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip unzipp13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip unzipp19121551_112040_Linux_x86_64.zip 检查是否正常，可进行安装 [ grid@rac1~]$cd/mnt/redhat/oracle/grid/ [ grid@rac1grid]$./runcluvfy.shstage-precrsinst-n smartrac1,smartrac2-verbose>/tmp/runcvuvfy.out 给出的报告可以忽略掉 pdksh 和 elfunits 两个组件包，也可自行安装. elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97 pdksh-5.2.14
21 安装、配置Grid的三方RPM包 cd /mnt/redhat/oracle/grid/rpm rpm-ivhcvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall;exportCVUQDISK_GRP

22.安装GRID 需要进到主机进行图形化安装，分辨率设置再1024以上。

最后执行脚本 rac1 rac2 上执行脚本: /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh rac1 rac2 上执行脚本: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
23.进行asmca配置 grid用户执行 asmca命令。增加两个区: FRA是快速恢复区，DATA是放数据文件的需要了解的 NORMAL:镜像 EXTERNAL: 独立硬盘设备。
24.安装ORACLE服务器端程序。 1.进入Oracle用户 2.图形化安装。暂时忽略以上错误，点击下一步。

24. RAC关机顺序指令: ---rac1

su-oracle
sqlplus/assysdba
shutdownimmediate

su-grid
alterdiskgroupdatadismount;
alterdiskgroupfradismount;

---rac2

su-grid
alterdiskgroupdatamount;
alterdiskgroupframount;

上述这个步骤主要就是让oracle进行ASMINSTANCERECOVERY

su-oracle
sqlplus/assysdba
startup

---rac1
su-grid
alterdiskgroupdatamount;
alterdiskgroupframount;

su-oracle
sqlplus/assysdba
startup

异常问题处理 --卸了重装 ./runInstaller -silent -deinstall -removeallfiles "REMOVE_HOMES={/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0_1}" -invPtrLoc /etc/oraInst.loc
--检查集群状态
crsctlcheckcluster --所有Oracle实例（数据库状态） srvctlstatusdatabase-dYMS --节点应用程序状态 statusnodeapps --列出所有的配置数据库 srvctlconfigdatabase --数据库配置 srvctlconfigdatabase-dYMS-a --手工注册监听 alter system register;
--查看RAC节点状态 crsctl stat res -t
--查看节点 crs_stat -t -v
--启动单实例 srvctl enable instance -d ractest -i ractest1
srvctl relocate scan_listener -i 1 -n rac2
--启动监听 srvctlstartlistener-nrac1
--日志路径
集群日志: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/log
ASMINSTANCE日志： /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm
DBINSTANCE日志： /u01/app/oracle/diag
//拷贝迁移虚拟机造成IP网卡无法在正常运行的方法。 1.先用ifconfig看看当前网卡的实际物理地址 2.更改 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripting 下的 ifcfg-ethXX 拷贝ifconfig看到的物理地址到 ifcfg-ethXX 3.更改 /etc/udev/rules.d/ 70 -persistent-net.rules对应的物理地址即可。
增加虚拟内存:

（编辑：李大同）

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