Oracle 12C Study--RMAN新特性-基于表时间点恢复
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Oracle 12C Study--RMAN新特性-基于表时间点恢复
在Oracle数据库中，对于用户因DDL（drop或truncate）等误操作，引起的数据丢失；一般可以通过基于数据库的时间点不完全恢复和基于表空间的时间点恢复（TSPITR）进行数据恢复；但在Oracle 12c RMAN又推出了新的特性：基于表的时间点恢复，相比前两种方式，更加方便和更具有可操作性。
案例分析：通过RMAN执行基于表时间点的恢复： 1、测试环境 11:56:54 SCOTT@ orcl> select * from tab TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------- T1 TABLE SALGRADE TABLE EMPLOYEES TABLE EMP1 TABLE EMP TABLE DEPT TABLE BONUS TABLE 7 rows selected. 11:56:54 SCOTT@ orcl>select count(1) from emp1; COUNT(1) ---------- 112 11:57:09 SCOTT@ orcl>select table_name,tablespace_name from user_tables; TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME ------------------------------ ------------------------------ T1 USERS EMP1 USERS SALGRADE USERS BONUS USERS DEPT USERS EMPLOYEES LOW_COST_TBS1 EMP LOW_COST_TBS1 7 rows selected. 2、查看数据库备份信息 RMAN> list backup of database; List of Backup Sets =================== BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 3 Full 1.70M DISK 00:00:00 08-AUG-16 BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20160808T115958 Piece Name: /backup/orcl/ORCL_users_3.bk List of Datafiles in backup set 3 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 6 Full 2874187 08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_crgy2c5t_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 4 Full 1.18G DISK 00:01:27 08-AUG-16 BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20160808T120909 Piece Name: /backup/orcl/ORCL_4.bak List of Datafiles in backup set 4 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 1 Full 2875198 08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_cr26h8nw_.dbf 2 Full 2875198 08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/adotbs1_01.dbf 3 Full 2875198 08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_cr26g2f6_.dbf 4 Full 2875198 08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_cr26k3t7_.dbf 5 Full 2875198 08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/low_cost_tbs01.dbf 6 Full 2875198 08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_crgy2c5t_.dbf
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; List of Backup Sets =================== BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 3 Full 1.70M DISK 00:00:00 08-AUG-16 BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20160808T115958 Piece Name: /backup/orcl/ORCL_users_3.bk List of Datafiles in backup set 3 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 6 Full 2874187 08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_crgy2c5t_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 4 Full 1.18G DISK 00:01:27 08-AUG-16 BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20160808T120909 Piece Name: /backup/orcl/ORCL_4.bak List of Datafiles in backup set 4 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 6 Full 2875198 08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_crgy2c5t_.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 6 Full 1.70M DISK 00:00:00 08-AUG-16 BP Key: 6 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20160808T121206 Piece Name: /backup/orcl/ORCL_users_6.bk List of Datafiles in backup set 6 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 6 Full 2875369 08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_crgy2c5t_.dbf
3、查看当前数据库 scn 以此时间点或scn作为表恢复的时间点（对于生产环境，需用logminer工具查询准确的时间点，本案例为测试环境） 12:13:02 SYS@ orcl>select timestamp_to_scn(current_timestamp) from v$database; TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) ----------------------------------- 2875437
12:08:42 SCOTT@ orcl>select count(*) from emp1; COUNT(*) ---------- 112
4、SCOTT.EMP1被误删除 12:08:57 SCOTT@ orcl>drop table emp1 purge; Table dropped.
5、通过rman执行表基于时间点的恢复操作 [oracle@enmoedu ~]$ mkdir /u01/aux
RMAN> recover table scott.emp1 2> until scn2875437 3> auxiliary destination '/u01/aux'; Starting recover at 08-AUG-16 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog current log archived allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=80 device type=DISK RMAN-05026: WARNING: presuming following set of tablespaces applies to specified Point-in-Time List of tablespaces expected to have UNDO segments Tablespace SYSTEM Tablespace UNDOTBS1
// Oracle自动建立用于恢复的auxiliary Instance Creating automatic instance,with SID='fwsy' initialization parameters used for automatic instance: db_name=ORCL db_unique_name=fwsy_pitr_ORCL compatible=12.1.0.2.0 db_block_size=8192 db_files=200 diagnostic_dest=/u01/app/oracle _system_trig_enabled=FALSE sga_target=564M processes=200 db_create_file_dest=/u01/aux log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/aux' #No auxiliary parameter file used
starting up automatic instance ORCL Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 591396864 bytes Fixed Size 2927096 bytes Variable Size 176162312 bytes Database Buffers 406847488 bytes Redo Buffers 5459968 bytes Automatic instance created
//通过源库的rman备份，restore数据库到auxiliary database contents of Memory Script: { # set requested point in time set until scn 2875437; # restore the controlfile restore clone controlfile;
# mount the controlfile sql clone 'alter database mount clone database'; # archive current online log sql 'alter system archive log current'; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET until clause Starting restore at 08-AUG-16 allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=21 device type=DISK channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /backup/orcl/ORCL_5.bak channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/backup/orcl/ORCL_5.bak tag=TAG20160808T120909 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete,elapsed time: 00:00:01 output file name=/u01/aux/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_ctj1v7x9_.ctl Finished restore at 08-AUG-16 sql statement: alter database mount clone database sql statement: alter system archive log current contents of Memory Script: { # set requested point in time set untilscn 2875437;
// restore的表空间有system、sysaux、undo、users（表所在的表空间） # set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles set newname for clone datafile 1 to new; set newname for clone datafile 4 to new; set newname for clone datafile 3 to new; set newname for clone tempfile 1 to new; # switch all tempfiles switch clone tempfile all; # restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set restore clone datafile 1,4,3; switch clone datafile all; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET until clause
executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_%u_.tmp in control file Starting restore at 08-AUG-16 using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_%u_.dbf channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_%u_.dbf channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_%u_.dbf channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /backup/orcl/ORCL_4.bak channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/backup/orcl/ORCL_4.bak tag=TAG20160808T120909 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete,elapsed time: 00:01:05 Finished restore at 08-AUG-16
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=919340207 file name=/u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_ctj1vgr5_.dbf datafile 4 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=919340207 file name=/u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_ctj1vgsj_.dbf datafile 3 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=919340208 file name=/u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_ctj1vgr8_.dbf
contents of Memory Script: { # set requested point in time set until scn 2875437; # online the datafiles restored or switched sql clone "alter database datafile 1 online"; sql clone "alter database datafile 4 online"; sql clone "alter database datafile 3 online"; # recover and open database read only recover clone database tablespace "SYSTEM","UNDOTBS1","SYSAUX"; sql clone 'alter database open read only'; } executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause sql statement: alter database datafile 1 online sql statement: alter database datafile 4 online sql statement: alter database datafile 3 online
// 在auxiliary database执行基于时间点的不完全恢复 Starting recover at 08-AUG-16 using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 22 is already on disk as file /dsk1/arch_orcl/arch__1_22_916789058.log archived log file name=/dsk1/arch_orcl/arch__1_22_916789058.log thread=1 sequence=22 media recovery complete,elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished recover at 08-AUG-16 sql statement: alter database open read only contents of Memory Script: { sql clone "create spfile from memory"; shutdown clone immediate; startup clone nomount; sql clone "alter system set control_files = ''/u01/aux/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_ctj1v7x9_.ctl'' comment= ''RMAN set'' scope=spfile"; shutdown clone immediate; startup clone nomount; # mount database sql clone 'alter database mount clone database'; } executing Memory Script sql statement: create spfile from memory database closed database dismounted Oracle instance shut down connected to auxiliary database (not started) Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 591396864 bytes Fixed Size 2927096 bytes Variable Size 180356616 bytes Database Buffers 402653184 bytes Redo Buffers 5459968 bytes
sql statement: alter system set control_files = ''/u01/aux/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_ctj1v7x9_.ctl'' comment= ''RMAN set'' scope=spfile Oracle instance shut down connected to auxiliary database (not started) Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 591396864 bytes Fixed Size 2927096 bytes Variable Size 180356616 bytes Database Buffers 402653184 bytes Redo Buffers 5459968 bytes sql statement: alter database mount clone database contents of Memory Script: { # set requested point in time set until scn 2875437; # set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles set newname for datafile 6 to new; # restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set restore clone datafile 6; switch clone datafile all; } executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
executing command: SET NEWNAME Starting restore at 08-AUG-16 allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=21 device type=DISK channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/aux/FWSY_PITR_ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_%u_.dbf channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /backup/orcl/ORCL_users_6.bk channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/backup/orcl/ORCL_users_6.bk tag=TAG20160808T121206 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete,elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished restore at 08-AUG-16 datafile 6 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=919340265 file name=/u01/aux/FWSY_PITR_ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_ctj1z8gv_.dbf
contents of Memory Script: { # set requested point in time set until scn 2875437; # online the datafiles restored or switched sql clone "alter database datafile 6 online"; # recover and open resetlogs recover clone database tablespace "USERS","SYSTEM","SYSAUX" delete archivelog; alter clone database open resetlogs; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET until clause sql statement: alter database datafile 6 online Starting recover at 08-AUG-16 using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 22 is already on disk as file /dsk1/arch_orcl/arch__1_22_916789058.log archived log file name=/dsk1/arch_orcl/arch__1_22_916789058.log thread=1 sequence=22 media recovery complete,elapsed time: 00:00:00 Finished recover at 08-AUG-16 database opened contents of Memory Script: { # create directory for datapump import sql "create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as '' /u01/aux''"; # create directory for datapump export sql clone "create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as '' /u01/aux''"; } executing Memory Script sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''/u01/aux'' sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''/u01/aux'' //在auxiliary database执行表（被删除表）的导出 Performing export of tables... EXPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_fwsy_zBEo": EXPDP> Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA EXPDP> Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER EXPDP> . . exported "SCOTT"."EMP1" 12.74 KB 112 rows EXPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_fwsy_zBEo" successfully loaded/unloaded EXPDP> ****************************************************************************** EXPDP> Dump file set for SYS.TSPITR_EXP_fwsy_zBEo is: EXPDP> /u01/aux/tspitr_fwsy_78303.dmp EXPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_fwsy_zBEo" successfully completed at Mon Aug 8 12:19:02 2016 elapsed 0 00:00:32 Export completed
contents of Memory Script: { # shutdown clone before import shutdown clone abort } executing Memory Script Oracle instance shut down
//在源库上执行表的导入 Performing import of tables... IMPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_fwsy_FAoe" successfully loaded/unloaded IMPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_fwsy_FAoe": IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA IMPDP> . . imported "SCOTT"."EMP1" 12.74 KB 112 rows IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER IMPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_fwsy_FAoe" successfully completed at Mon Aug 8 12:19:38 2016 elapsed 0 00:00:25 Import completed //自动删除auxiliary Instance Removing automatic instance Automatic instance removed auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_ctj1xmxr_.tmp deleted auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/FWSY_PITR_ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_ctj1zdb8_.log deleted auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/FWSY_PITR_ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_ctj1zc8f_.log deleted auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/FWSY_PITR_ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_ctj1zb00_.log deleted auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/FWSY_PITR_ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_ctj1z8gv_.dbf deleted auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_ctj1vgr8_.dbf deleted auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_ctj1vgsj_.dbf deleted auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_ctj1vgr5_.dbf deleted auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_ctj1v7x9_.ctl deleted auxiliary instance file tspitr_fwsy_78303.dmp deleted Finished recover at 08-AUG-16 ---恢复完成！
6、查询恢复表数据 RMAN> select count(*) from scott.emp1; COUNT(*) ---------- 112
12:21:05 SCOTT@ orcl>select count(*) from emp1;
COUNT(*) ---------- 112
---------- 至此，通过基于表的时间点恢复，可以很方便的恢复用于DDL（drop、truncate）等误操作，比起基于表空间的时间点恢复（TSPITR）更具与可操作性。 （编辑：李大同） 【声明】本站内容均来自网络，其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利，请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |