关于 oracle NULL

SQL> SELECT * FROM V$VERSION;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.4.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

NULL空值概念

    NULL即空值，表中的某些字段值可能会出现空值,这是因为这个数据不知道是什么值或根本就不存在。
    Oracle中NULL不等同于字符串中的空格，也不是数字类型的0，因此NULL不支持加，减，乘，除，大小，等值的比较，否则只能为空，NULL的使用不能用“=”NULL 应该使用 IS NULL或者 IS NOT NUL

以下是简单的测试示例:

SQL> select * from emp;

     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE                   SAL       COMM     DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00        800                    20
      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00       1600        300         30
      7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00       1250        500         30
      7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00       2975                    20
      7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00       1250       1400         30
      7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00       2850                    30
      7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00       2450                    10
      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00       3000                    20
      7839 KING       PRESIDENT            1981-11-17 00:00:00       5000                    10
      7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00       1500          0         30
      7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00       1100                    20
      7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00        950                    30
      7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00       3000                    20
      7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00       1300                    10

14 rows selected.


1.NULL的使用

SQL> select * from emp where comm=NULL;   

no rows selected

SQL> select * from emp where comm is NULL;

     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE                   SAL       COMM     DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00        800                    20
      7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00       2975                    20
      7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00       2850                    30
      7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00       2450                    10
      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00       3000                    20
      7839 KING       PRESIDENT            1981-11-17 00:00:00       5000                    10
      7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00       1100                    20
      7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00        950                    30
      7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00       3000                    20
      7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00       1300                    10

10 rows selected.


2.Oracle NULL的比较运算测试 

SQL> select * from emp where 1 > NULL;

no rows selected

SQL> select * from emp where 1 + NULL < 0;

no rows selected

SQL> select * from emp where 1 * NULL < 0;

no rows selected

基于NULL的特殊性，SQL语句在使用函数时，应该对NULL语句进行测试，查看返回结果再使用

（编辑：李大同）

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