oracle 静默安装

今天在公司做测试内存数据库timesten的时候，需要安装一个数据库，发现linux操作系统没有图形界面，配置的yum源是远程的，不能进行yum group install 方式安装图形界面，只能进行静默的方式安装一个数据库了，下面是安装步骤：

1、 安装必须的软件

binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)

compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686

gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)

glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686

ksh

libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)

libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686

libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686

libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686

libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686

make-3.81-19.el6

sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)

rpm -q

binutils

compat-libstdc++-33

elfutils-libelf

elfutils-libelf-devel

expat

gcc

gcc-c++

glibc

glibc-common

glibc-devel

glibc-headers

libaio

libaio-devel

libgcc

libstdc++

libstdc++-devel

make

pdksh

sysstat

unixODBC

unixODBC-devel | grep "notinstalled"

2、创建用户和目录

[root@mongo7 ~]# groupadd -g 1000 oinstall

[root@mongo7 ~]# groupadd -g 1001 dba

[root@mongo7 ~]# useradd -u 1000 -goinstall -G dba,oinstall oracle

[root@mongo7 ~]#passwd oracle

[root@mongo7 ~]#mkdir -p/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product

[root@mongo7 ~]#chown -R oracle:oinstall/u01/app/oracle

3、配置用户的环境变量

# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product

exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH:$HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

export ORACLE_SID=testdb

[root@mongo7 ~]# cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

10.10.130.12 mongo7

4、内存参数设置

kernel.shmall = 8388608

kernel.shmmax = 34359738368

kernel.shmmni = 4096

# semaphores: semmsl,semmns,semopm,semmni

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

vm.dirty_background_ratio = 3

vm.dirty_ratio = 20

vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 500

vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 100

vm.min_free_kbytes=524288

vm.swappiness = 10

net.core.rmem_default = 4194304

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 4194304

net.core.wmem_max =4194304

fs.file-max = 6815744

fs.aio-max-nr = 4194304

kernel.sem = 20000 1280000 20000 1024

vm.nr_hugepages = 16384

sga打算给了32G

[root@mongo7 /]# grep HugePages/proc/meminfo

AnonHugePages: 129024 kB

HugePages_Total: 16384

HugePages_Free: 16384

HugePages_Rsvd: 0

HugePages_Surp: 0

vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oraclesoft memlock 33554432

oraclehard memlock 33554432

oraclesoft nofile 1024

oraclehard nofile 65536

oraclesoft nproc 2047

oraclehard nproc 16384

oraclesoft stack 10240

oraclehard stack 32768

5、下面开始配置静默安装数据库的软件

静默安装数据库

vim /etc/oraInst.loc

inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall

在安装软件目录下面执行下面命令，

./runInstaller -silent -debug -force -noconfig-IgnoreSysPreReqs

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba

或者在安装软件目录下面有个参数模板，进行修改，然后执行

[oracle@mongo7 response]$ pwd

/tmp/database/response

[oracle@mongo7 response]$ ls

dbca.rspdb_install.rsp netca.rsp

编辑文件db_install.rsp

[oracle@mongo7 response]$ catdb_install.rsp |grep -v ^#

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

oracle.install.option= INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=mongo7

UNIX_GROUP_NAME= oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition= EE

oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false

oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP= dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP= dba

./runInstaller -silent -responsefile/home/oracle/new.rsp -ignoreSysPrereqs

安装完成会有提示执行root.sh 脚本

As a root user,execute the followingscript(s):

1./u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/root.sh

Successfully Setup Software.

copying/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/time2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.log to/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/cfgtoollogs/oui/time2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.log

copying/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/oraInstall2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.err to/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/cfgtoollogs/oui/oraInstall2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.err

copying/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/oraInstall2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.out to/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/cfgtoollogs/oui/oraInstall2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.out

copying/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.log to/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/cfgtoollogs/oui/silentInstall2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.log

copying/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.log to/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/cfgtoollogs/oui/installActions2017-10-14_05-07-46PM.log

采用debug模式安装,如果有异常则更容易发现错误原因。

附上oracle软件静默安装的参数含义如下:
-silent 表示以静默方式安装,不会有任何提示
-force 表示允许安装到一个非空目录
-noconfig 表示不运行配置助手netca
-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径
oracle.install.responseFileVersion 响应文件模板的版本,该参数不要更改
oracle.install.option 安装模式选项,本例只安装oracle软件,该参数不要更改
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES 是否需要在线安全更新,设置为false,该参数不要更改
UNIX_GROUP_NAME oracle 用户用于安装软件的组名
INVENTORY_LOCATION oracle 产品清单目录
SELECTED_LANGUAGES oracle 运行语言环境,一般包括引文和简繁体中文
ORACLE_HOME oracle安装目录
ORACLE_BASE oracle基础目录
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition 安装版本类型,一般是企业版
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall 是否定制安装,默认Partitioning,OLAP,RAT都选上。根据自己的需要选择组件。
oracle.install.db.customComponents 定制安装组件列表:除了以上默认的,可加上LabelSecurity和Database Vault
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP oracle 用户用于授予osdba权限的组名
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP oracle 用户用于授予osoper权限的组名

静默安装db
安装完成oracle软件之后还没创建db,我们可以继续使用静默方式创建数据库。

模板在/tmp/database/response/dbca.rsp

[oracle@mongo7 u01]$ vi db.rsp

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0.4"

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME = "testdb"

SID = "testdb"

TEMPLATENAME = "New_Database.dbt"

SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"

SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"

DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"

DATAFILEDESTINATION ="/u01/app/oracle/oradata"

STORAGETYPE=FS

CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"

DATABASETYPE = "MULTIPURPOSE"

AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "FALSE"

TOTALMEMORY =32768

TOTALMEMORY 单位是内存大小M

--开始安装数据库

[oracle@mongo7 u01]$ dbca -silent-responseFile /u01/db.rsp

Creating and starting Oracle instance

1% complete

3% complete

Creating database files

4% complete

7% complete

Creating data dictionary views

8% complete

9% complete

10% complete

11% complete

12% complete

13% complete

14% complete

16% complete

17% complete

18% complete

19% complete

Adding Oracle JVM

25% complete

30% complete

36% complete

38% complete

Adding Oracle Text

39% complete

41% complete

Adding Oracle XML DB

43% complete

44% complete

45% complete

49% complete

Adding Oracle Multimedia

50% complete

60% complete

Adding Oracle OLAP

61% complete

62% complete

64% complete

Adding Oracle Spatial

65% complete

66% complete

67% complete

71% complete

Adding Enterprise Manager Repository

73% complete

75% complete

Adding Oracle Application Express

78% complete

82% complete

Adding Oracle Warehouse Builder

86% complete

90% complete

Completing Database Creation

91% complete

92% complete

93% complete

96% complete

100% complete

Look at the log file"/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/testdb/testdb.log" for furtherdetails.

静默安装监听

[oracle@mongo7 response]$ cat /u01/net.rsp |grep-v ^#|grep -v ^$

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2.0.4"

CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"

[oracle.net.ca]

INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}

INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""

LISTENER_NUMBER=1

LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}

LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}

LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""

NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}

NSN_NUMBER=1

NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}

NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}

NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}

--这里只改动了数据库的版本一个参数

到此数据库安装成功

[oracle@mongo7 admin]$ lsnrctl status


LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2017 18:59:40


Copyright (c) 1991,2013,Oracle. All rights reserved.


Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 14-OCT-2017 18:58:37
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 3 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/product/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/mongo7/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=mongo7)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "testdb" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "testdb",status READY,has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "testdbXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "testdb",has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

手工配置客户端监听

[oracle@mongo7 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora test = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.10.130.12)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (service_names = testdb) ) )

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