通过RMAN将Oracle 11g R2 RAC数据迁移到单实例数据库

一、准备单实例数据库服务器

1、准备操作系统

注：建议安装oracle数据库使用oracle linux操作系统，本实例以oracle linux 6.8做为操作系统。

#关闭iptables

chkconfig iptables off

#关闭selinux

vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

#将主机名添加到hosts文件

vim /etc/hosts

188.188.1.120 oracledb

#重启服务器

reboot

2、初始化操作系统，执行以下脚本

#用户初始化脚本preusers.sh

注：grid用户的ORACLE_SID必须为+ASM，ORACLE_HOSTNAME、ORACLE_SID、ORACLE_UNQNAME做相应的更改

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#!/bin/bash

#Purpose:Create 6 groups named 'oinstall','dba','asmadmin','asmdba','asmoper','oper',plus 2 users named 'oracle','grid'.

#Also setting the Environment

#variable for oracle user.

#variable for grid user.

#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./1preusers.sh

#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now create 6 groups named 'oinstall','oper'"

echo "Plus 2 users named 'oracle','grid',Also setting the Environment"

groupadd -g 1000 oinstall

groupadd -g 1200 asmadmin

groupadd -g 1201 asmdba

groupadd -g 1202 asmoper

useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper -d /home/grid -s /bin/bash -c "grid Infrastructure Owner" grid

echo "grid" | passwd --stdin grid

#echo 'export PS1="`/bin/hostname -s`-> "'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export TMP=/tmp">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export TMPDIR=$TMP'>>/home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_SID=+ASM">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin' >> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export EDITOR=vi" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "umask 022">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

groupadd -g 1300 dba

groupadd -g 1301 oper

useradd -u 501 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle

echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle

#echo 'export PS1="`/bin/hostname -s`-> "'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export TMP=/tmp">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export TMPDIR=$TMP'>>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracledb">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_SID=bbdg">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_UNQNAME=bbdg">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export EDITOR=vi" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "umask 022">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "The Groups and users has been created"

echo "The Environment for grid,oracle also has been set successfully"

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#创建目录脚本predir.sh

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#!/bin/bash

#Purpose:Create the necessary directory for oracle,grid users and change the authention to oracle,grid users.

#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./2predir.sh

#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now create the necessary directory for oracle,grid users..."

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/11.2.0

chmod -R 775 /u01

echo "The necessary directory for oracle,grid users has been finished"

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#修改limits脚本prelimits.sh

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#!/bin/bash

#Purpose:Change the /etc/security/limits.conf.

#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./3prelimits.sh

#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now modify the /etc/security/limits.conf,but backup it named /etc/security/limits.conf.bak before"

cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.bak

echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "grid soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "grid hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "grid soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "grid hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "Modifing the /etc/security/limits.conf has been succeed."

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#修改login脚本prelogin.sh

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#!/bin/bash

#Purpose:Modify the /etc/pam.d/login.

#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./4prelimits.sh

#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now modify the /etc/pam.d/login,but with a backup named /etc/pam.d/login.bak"

cp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/login.bak

echo "session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login

echo "session required pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login

echo "Modifing the /etc/pam.d/login has been succeed."

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#修改profile脚本preprofile.sh

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#!/bin/bash

#Purpose:Modify the /etc/profile.

#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./5preprofile.sh

#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now modify the /etc/profile,but with a backup named /etc/profile.bak"

cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bak

echo 'if [ $USER = "oracle" ]||[ $USER = "grid" ]; then' >> /etc/profile

echo 'if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then' >> /etc/profile

echo 'ulimit -p 16384' >> /etc/profile

echo 'ulimit -n 65536' >> /etc/profile

echo 'else' >> /etc/profile

echo 'ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536' >> /etc/profile

echo 'fi' >> /etc/profile

echo 'fi' >> /etc/profile

echo "Modifing the /etc/profile has been succeed."

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#修改内核参数脚本presysctl.sh

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#!/bin/bash

#Purpose:Modify the /etc/sysctl.conf.

#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./6presysctl.sh

#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now modify the /etc/sysctl.conf,but with a backup named /etc/sysctl.bak"

cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak

echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.shmall = 2097152" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.shmmax = 1054472192" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048586" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "Modifing the /etc/sysctl.conf has been succeed."

echo "Now make the changes take effect....."

sysctl -p

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3、配置ASM磁盘组

注：由于oracle rac使用了asm存储数据文件，单实例数据库也使用asm存储数据库文件，磁盘组需要与RAC磁盘组一致，方便还原

#磁盘分区

fdisk /dev/sd*

n-p-1-w

#安装asm

yum install -y kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-13.el6_8.x86_64.rpm oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

#创建asm磁盘

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# oracleasm status

# oracleasm configure -i

Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.

This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library

driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is

loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values

will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting <ENTER> without typing an

answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.

Default user to own the driver interface []: grid

Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin

Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y

Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y

Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done

# oracleasm init

# oracleasm configure

# oracleasm listdisks

# oracleasm createdisk VOL1 /dev/sdb1

# oracleasm querydisk /dev/sd*

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4、安装必备rpm

yum install -y binutils elfutils-libelf glibc compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 libgcc unixODBC glibc.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc-c++ libaio-devel libstdc++-devel unixODBC-devel pdksh xorg-x11-* compat-libcap1 ksh-20100621

5、安装grid

注：新打开一个未登录xshell窗口，使用grid账户登录，如果直接从root切换到grid账户,则xshell无法打开安装grid图像化界面

ssh grid@188.188.1.120

cd grid/

./runInstaller

#创建和rac数据库一样的磁盘组

asmca

6、安装oracle，只需安装软件，不创建数据库

注：新打开一个未登录xshell窗口，使用oracle账户登录，如果直接从root切换到oracle账户,则xshell无法打开安装oracle图像化界面

ssh oracle@188.188.1.120

cd database/

./runInstaller

#修改u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle

注：如果不修改权限则无法向asm写入文件

chown oracle.asmadmin /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle

chmod 6555 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle

二、准备数据库RMAN备份

注：先备份数据库和归档日志，再备份控制文件，因为rman备份信息存储在控制文件中

#执行RMAN备份

su - grid

rman target /

backup as compressed backupset database format '/tmp/backup/Full_%U.bak';

backup as compressed backupset archivelog all format '/tmp/backup/ARC_%U.bak';

backup device type disk format '/tmp/backup/standby_%U.ctl' current controlfile;

#生成初始化参数文件

su - oracle

sqlplus / as sysdba

create pfile='/tmp/backup/initbbdg.ora' from spfile;

#拷贝密码文件

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwbbdg1 /tmp/backup

#将备份传到oracle单实例数据库

注：备份文件传到的目录必须rman备份的目录一致，且目录/tmp/backup及里面的文件必须属于oracle.oinstall，否则无法还原

scp -r /tmp/backup oracle@188.188.1.120:/tmp

三、还原数据库

1、创建密码文件

su - oracle

cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/

orapwd file=orapwbbsvrrec password=Oracle11g

2、创建初始化参数文件

cp /tmp/backup /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initbbdg.ora

vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initbbdg.ora

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bbdg.__db_cache_size=255852544

bbdg.__java_pool_size=4194304

bbdg.__large_pool_size=4194304

bbdg.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

bbdg.__pga_aggregate_target=419430400

bbdg.__sga_target=423624704

bbdg.__shared_io_pool_size=0

bbdg.__shared_pool_size=146800640

bbdg.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/bbdg/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.cluster_database=false

*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'

*.control_files='+data_vg/bbdg/controlfile/cont.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/bbdg/cdump'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_create_file_dest='+data_vg'

*.db_domain=''

*.db_file_name_convert='+data_vg/bbsvr/','+data_vg/bbdg/'

*.db_name='bbsvr'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='+FRA_VG'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032

*.db_unique_name='bbdg'

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=bbdgXDB)'

*.fal_client='bbdg'

*.fal_server='bbsvri1'

#*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(bbsvr,bbdg)'

#*.log_archive_dest_1='location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=bbdg'

#*.log_archive_dest_2='service=bbsvr valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=bbsvri1'

*.log_archive_format='ARC_%t_%S_%r.arc'

*.log_file_name_convert='+data_vg/bbsvr/','+data_vg/bbdg/'

*.memory_target=842006528

*.open_cursors=300

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

*.service_names='bbdg'

*.standby_file_management='auto'

*.thread=1

*.undo_management='auto'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

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3、还原控制文件和数据库

su - oracle

rman target /

startup nomount;

restore controlfile from '/backup/oraclebk/controlfile/controlfile.20180516.dgt30rd2_1_1.rman';

alter database mount;

restore database;

recover database;

alter database open resetlogs;

注意1: 归档日志不可用状态改为可用状态catalog backuppiece '/backup/oraclebk/archivelog/archivelog.20180516.dft30rbg_1_1.rman';

注意2: 备份所属主为oracle，否则没权限

注意3: recover 报以下错误，仍然可以执行打开数据库

（编辑：李大同）

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